World History Final Exam Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards for World History Final Exam Study Guide

Reincarnation

Being reborn again and the life is determined by the karma and dharma of a past life until reaching Moksha

Karma

Interactions we have with people, good or bad, will reflect on us in the future and next life (lifelong)

Dharma

How much effort you put into your duties and obligations and how you handle them will reflect on you in your next life

Moksha

The goal of all Hindus when you reincarnate and move up if your dharma is good, and when you make it to the end you achieve moksha and stop reincarnating, when your soul reunites with the Universal Soul

Caste System

Social structure in mainly rural areas of India but not supported by Indian law - Separates people based on work, family, etc. - Untouchables are the lowest caste

Early British East India Company involvement

The company ruled India with the help of sepoys

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian soldiers who worked for the company rebelled after they were intentionally exposed to cow fats

Sepoy’s

Indian soldiers fighting for the BEIC

Indian National Congress

The main resistance body in India against British rule

Amritsar Massacre April 1919

British law declared meetings could no longer be had due to violent disputes - Indians assembled in a walled-off garden and held a meeting - General Dyer gathered his soldiers in the entryway trapping everyone - Shot into a crowd of 10,000 innocents • 1,650 bullets were shot and 1k people died

Mohandas Gandhi

INC leader who preached the importance of non-violent rebellion - Was responsible for the Salt March and the Salt Works Factory March - Was killed by a Hindu nationalist while Gandhi was fighting for India-Pakistan unity after he was shot.

Salt March

1930: Great Britain passed a law banning Indians from making salt - Salt was a key ingredient to Indian cuisine and they monopolized it - Gandhi protested by walking 240 miles to the Indian Ocean to make salt He hoped the British would grow angry at them and hurt them but they never did o 50,000 people joined Gandhi on his walk

Operation Blue Star

Indian operation to find Bhindranwale (Khalistan Sikh movement leader) and his followers to kill them all - Caused an internet blackout in the region and killed Rhindranwale and most of his followers

Narendra Modi

Current Indian Prime Minister who is very anti-Pakistani - Took away Article 370, was responsible for the Gujarat Riots, and passed the CAA

Gujarat Riots

A Hindu train stopped in a Muslim and an altercation led to violence Muslims lit a train car on fire and 59 Hindus died - In response, the Hindus fought back with terrorist attacks, destroyed many homes and businesses, and Modi let it happen (was Chief minister at the time)

Kashmir conflict

Kashmir was a largely Muslim region and was a princely state, but the ruler was Hindu - Originally was independent but the Muslims wanted to be a part of Pakistan so they tried to overthrow him - The monarch asked India for help and promised they’d become Indian if they helped, and India did help, but the Kashmiris were unhappy with what happened and still wanted to be Pakistani To this day wars and arguments over Kashmir occur and led to 3 wars, Kashmir is now split in two, with one side Pakistani and one side Indian, but the Indian Kashmiris want to be Pakistani

Partition

1947: Great Britain leaves India and Pakistan is created by Cyril Radcliffe and Lord Mountbatten - Pakistan was split into East and West Pakistan but they were areas where there were little to no Muslims

Post-Partition Violence

14 million were displaced because of the partition so people had to move - 1 million people were killed in partition protests o The violence happened outside of government control

General Zia ul-Haq

Leader of Pakistan who took control of the government after they revolted against their previous ruler Bhutto - Was very big on Islamization in Pakistan and called for religion to control Pakistan o Was liked and also disliked by the US - Was mysteriously killed by a plane crash

Taliban rule in Afghanistan

Highly controlled area with constraints on women due to strong Islamic policies

Citizenship Act Amendment

Anyone from Pakistan, Bangladesh, or Afghanistan, who illegally immigrated could gain citizenship

Pakistan’s role in the War in Afghanistan

Pakistan took in the Afghanis and helped train them for their war against the Soviets after they were requested by the USA

Europe to Africa (Slave Trade)

Weapons and Rum

Africa to the Caribbean (Slave Trade)

Slaves

Caribbean to Europe (Slave Trade)

Cotton and Sugar

Africa’s role in the slave trade

Other African villages would enslave other Africans because Europe promised them weapons and Africans - The smartest, strongest, and younger Africans would be taken, leading to underdevelopment

The Middle Passage

The horrific and inhumane route Africans went through to get to the Caribbean - People were hurt and shackled to the ground and many died on their way to the Caribbean

Berlin Conference

Europe got together to claim different countries in Africa

HIV origins

A man killed a chimpanzee with AIDs, and while cutting it up got its blood into an open wound, and he brought it into the sex industry of Africa

Apartheid Goal

Separate the Black South Africans from the White South Africans so that the white South Africans could be in control

Passbooks

Native South Africans were unable to move from town to town without bringing passbooks to be approved - This led to the Sharpeville massacre

Bantustans

Land that the native South Africans were forced to live on so that the white South Africans could live on the rest - The black South Africans lived in terrible land in a small part of the land - The white South Africans took the nicest land

Economic Sanctions

Countries imposed sanctions to try and convince the white South Africans to become multi-racial which helped push the white South Africans into negotiating with Mandela

Nelson Mandela

First Black President of South Africa and established a connection between the white and black South Africans - Was head of the ANC and an activist for South Africa collaboration between black and white South Africans - Pushed to encourage white and black South Africans to work

King Leopold II

King of Belgium who took an interest in the Congo - Because Leopold got the peace treaties he owned the Congo before the Berlin conference - King Henry Leopold II had Congo as his personal property, not Belgium’s country

Hutus/Tutsis animosity

The Belgians created the ideas of Hutus and Tutsis and separated them - Hutus were forced to work as peasant farmers - Tutsis were given government control and they didn’t do anything to help the Hutus - Animosity grew because they did not help them and were given everything

International response (Rwandan Genocide)

International countries did not bother helping Rwanda and instead decided to take out all the white people/international people in the country instead of helping Rwandans - The UN was told not to interfere unless the Interahamwe fired against them

Rwandan Genocide

In 100 days, 800,000 people were killed by machetes by the Interahamwe - It ended when the RPF took back control of Rwanda