ID: W5L2 (L1 was exam) - Introduction to cognitive ability Lecture 4

What’s the difference of focus between personality and intelligence

Personality decsirbes stable indi diffs that predispose behaviours

Intellgience: more concerned with ability

• potentially harder to access ability in a questionanire

Explain lay theories of intelligence

After talking to a bunch of peopel in the street, Sternberg found that he could boil down to 3 dimensions

Practical problem solving ability: ability to think about multople solutions using available resources to solve a problem

Verbal ability: abiliity to confidently use language, slef expression and ability to see abstaract relationships betwen words

Social competence: ability to cooperate with otehrs, reoslve conflicts and correctly interpret social signals (kinda like EQ)

Later studis for other factors: goal orientation, fluid thought (thinking quickly and bstractly) , and learning from mistakes

Intellgence across the lifespan

• During school: teacheros view social competence as most important in primary school VS verbal fluecny in scepndary VS logic and reasoning in post secondary

• Interest and ability to cope with novelty judged as most important for younger adults (30s) vs practical probelm solving abilities for older adults
  
  People also change what they consider to be intellegent as they age

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Explain lay theories across cultures

What constutues intelleigence varies across cultures

• Fairly consistent in North America, Eurppe, and Australia
  

• Western world emphasizes individual mental processing, while non-Western countries emphasize social factors, self-understanding and huility

• verbal skills are less often found or rated as less improtant

Explain the difference between rational or reasonable values (fill in)

Rational:

• mathematical answer

Reasonable:

• social answer

Explain wisdom vs intelligence

Wisdom:

• intellectual humility, recognition of uncertanty, perspective-taking, and integration of different viewpoints

Wisdom increases with age, more life satisfaction and positive affect

• negatively correlated with processing speed

What are some facets of wisdom (fill in possible manifestations)

Explain how what we beleif affects how we perceive intellegience (fill in)

Carol Dweck (fixed vs growth mindset)

• fixed mindset: born with intelligence

• growth mindset: can develop it

Research showcases that growth mindsets are more predictive of academic success

• cultural differences: growth mindsets are effective for students from East Asia, North America while fixed mindsets are better for students in Europe

How do we define a genius?

IQ: over 130

Extradinary achievement: defined in retrospect after somebody accomplishses something significant

• can include creatuve genuis, leadershp, sicentiifc or technical accomplishments, sports

How do we study genius

• Psychometric:

  • start by looking at

    • longtudianl studies have trakced samples of intellectually gifted childern and tried to observe tehir achievemnt

      • pursued PhD’s at 50x the base rate

      • notable alumni: Lee Cronback (Cronbach;s alpha)

• Historiometric:

  • Maslow is an example how he studied peoople who he thought already reached self-actualization

  • Howd they measure it

    • personality sketches: using independt rates to rate historicla figures personality based on biographeies, diaries, etc,

    • Develpment history: estimatng cognitive ability based on their development

      • IQ originally fomulated as the ratio of one’s mental age to one’s chronological age

    • Content analsyses: rating thoht processes forom written text (fill in)

    • Expert surveys: FILL IN

Explain how there’s variability in intelligence

FILL IN

What’s a “Mad Genius”

Mad Genius

• Vincent van Gogh

• Nikola Tesla, Beethoven

Historiometric research consistently finds a relationship between genius and psychopathology

• particularly true for artists, rather than scientists or leaders

Explain heritability of intellgeince

• a lot of intelligence is heritable but has big interaction with the environment

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Summarize intelligence