Physics College Physics, Chapter 8 Review

Flashcards created based on key concepts from Chapter 8 of College Physics, covering angular and linear velocity, torque, moment of inertia, and more.

Angular velocity

The rate of change of angular displacement, typically represented by the symbol 'w'.

Linear velocity

The rate at which an object covers distance in a straight line, calculated as v = r * w, where 'r' is the radius.

Centripetal acceleration

The acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path, necessary for an object to maintain circular motion.

Torque

A measure of the rotational force applied to an object, calculated as the product of the force and the distance from the pivot point.

Moment of inertia

A measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion, depending on its mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation.

Rotational kinetic energy

The kinetic energy attributed to the rotation of an object, given by the formula KE_rot = 1/2 I w^2.

Conservation of angular momentum

The principle stating that the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external torques act on it.

Lever arm

The perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation; influences the effectiveness of torque.

Angular displacement

The angle through which an object has rotated about a fixed axis, often represented by the symbol 'θ'.

Equilibrium

A state where the sum of forces and torques acting on an object is zero, resulting in no motion or constant velocity.