exam 3

saprozoic

roundworms that feed on fluids

coprozoic

roundworms that feed on feces

microfilariae

juvenile filarial worms spread by mosquitoes

diseases spread by filarial worms

elephantiasis (wucheria brugeria), dog heartworm, onchocerciasis/river blindness

form of coelom in nematodes

pseudocoelom

reproduction in nematodes

Internal fertilization, four juvenile stages, may require an intermediate host

tagmata in trilobites

head, trunk/thorax, pygidium

examples of subphylum chelicerata

horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, arachnids

cephalothorax/prosoma

fused head and thorax in arachnids

tracheae/book lungs

deliver oxygen spiders

trachial system

respiratory tubes in terrestrial arthropods where O2 passively diffuses

pleural lobes

lobes on either side of a trilobite

tagmata in chelicerata

cephalothorax/prosoma and abdomen/opisthoma

cephalothoracic appendages in chelicerata

4 pairs walking legs, pediapalps, and chelicerae

characteristics of true spiders

fangs, spinnerets, pedicel, venom

arachnid classes

spiders, scorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, ticks and mites

characteristics of centipedes

one pair of legs per segment, carnivorous, flat body

characteristics of millipedes

two pairs of legs per segment, secrete repugnant fluid, round body, herbivores

characteristics of crustaceans

2 pairs of antennae, 1 pair of mandibles, 2 maxillae, biramous appendages

maxilliped

feeding limb on thorax

body components of malacostraca

cephalothorax, abdomen, rostrum (anterior), telson (posterior)

serial homology

ancestral homology of walking legs, mouthparts, chelipeds, and summerets

ommatidia

make up compound eyes

nauplius

crustacean larva with three pairs of appendages

xenocarida

have primitive structures, includes remipedia and cephalocarida

copepod

diverse and abundant crustacean group that supports food webs

significance of xenocarida

primitive structure used for ancestry

significance of vericrustacea

mostly freshwater with some ancestral traits, includes fairy shrimp

ectognathous

mouthparts on exterior

pterygotes

winged insects

aterygotes

unwinged insects

sclerite

plates of exoskeleton connected by hinge joints found in insects

ovipositor

structure in insects used for laying eggs

saprophagous

consumes dead animals

ametabolous metamorphosis

direct development

hemimetabolous/incomplete metamorphosis

gradual metamorphosis through nymph instars

holometabolous/complete metamorphosis

each developmental stage varies greatly

estivation

summer dormancy

diapause

dormancy triggered by an external factor

crypsis

camoflauge

aposematic coloration

warning danger or foul taste through patterns

pedicellariae

pinchers used for cleaning in echinoderms, have venom glands in echinoidia

dermal branchiae

increase surface area for respiration in echinoderms

superficial bilateral symmetry

exterior is bilateral but interior is pentaradial

madreporite

entrance to water-vascular system in echinoderms

path of water flow in Asteroidea

madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, lateral canals, tube foot

cardiac stomach

everts against food then pulls in, sending food into pyloric stomach in echinoderms

bipinnaria

free-swimming planktonic Asteroidea larva

brachiolaria

stage following bipinnaria, attaches to substrate

bursal slits/bursae

used for gas exchange in ophiuroidea

characteristics of regular urchins

radially symmetrical, long spines, move with tube feet

characteristics of irregular urchins

tertiarily bilateral, short spines used for movement

aristotle’s lantern

five plates used for chewing in echinoidia

example of echinoidia

urchins

example of holothuroidea

sea cucumbers

respiratory tree

water system used for respiration in holothuroidea

how do sea cucumbers move

they use tube feet in ambulacral areas

cuvierian tubules

expelled to entangle enemies in some sea cucumbers

examples of crinoidea

sea lillies and feather stars