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What is the focus of palliative care?
Enhancing the quality of life through comprehensive symptom management, psychosocial care, and spiritual support for patients with advanced illness.
When should palliative care be initiated?
At any age and at any state of a serious illness, even while pursuing curative therapies.
What was the title of the Institute of Medicine report in 2014 about end-of-life care?
Dying in America: Improving Quality and Honoring Individual Preferences Near the End of Life.
What does the report recommend for improving end-of-life care?
Widespread access, comprehensive coverage, improved communication, greater emphasis on advance care planning, professional education, and stronger public education.
What is the aim of the National Consensus Project's guidelines?
To provide a more human approach to care for seriously ill patients regardless of prognosis.
What are the different settings for palliative and end-of-life care?
Institution-based, outpatient-based, community-based, and hospice care.
What characterizes institution-based palliative care?
Interdisciplinary consultation for various care aspects including pain and symptom management.
What is the role of outpatient-based palliative care?
To provide services and support to patients and families who could benefit from palliative care but are not eligible for home hospice.
How has community-based palliative care evolved?
It includes home-based primary care and specialty home programs aimed at managing symptoms and providing support.
What is the main focus of hospice care?
Improving quality of life and preparing for death with a coordinated program of interdisciplinary services.
What are the principles of hospice care?
Acceptance of death, interdisciplinary team management, symptom control, viewing patient/family as a unit, necessary home care, and ongoing research.
What are the four levels of hospice care?
Routine home care, inpatient respite care, continuous care, and general inpatient care.
What are some common hospice diagnoses?
Dementia, heart disease, and lung disease.
In response to a family asking about hospice for their father, what should the nurse emphasize?
Hospice assists the family and patient to prepare for death.
Why is effective communication important in palliative care?
It helps nurses assess patient and family responses to serious illness and support their values throughout care.
What critical times require good communication in palliative care?
At the time of diagnosis, when treatment fails, when discussing the effectiveness of interventions, and considering hospice care.
What is a nursing approach to communication with patients?
Exhibit patience, empathy, and honesty.
What does culturally sensitive and spiritual care involve?
Assessing and respecting the patient's values, beliefs, and practices surrounding death and dying.
What is grief?
Personal feelings accompanying an anticipated or actual loss.
What is the difference between grief, mourning, and bereavement?
Grief is personal feelings; mourning is cultural expressions of grief; bereavement is the period of mourning.
What should nurses do to promote healthy grieving processes?
Provide opportunities for social and cultural rituals after death.
What indicates uncomplicated grief and mourning in survivors?
Soon after death, speaking of the deceased in the past tense.
What are special issues that nurses may face at the end of life?
Ethical dilemmas, care/cure dichotomy, and resiliency.
What is the main goal of palliative care in advanced illness?
To enhance the quality of life and provide holistic support.
How does hospice care accommodate patients' wishes?
By providing care according to the patient's choices, including DNR status and preferred care settings.
What type of education is emphasized for professionals in end-of-life care?
Ongoing professional education and development.
What is the significance of advance care planning?
It allows patients to communicate their preferences for future health care decisions.
How should nurses respond to patients expressing fear of dying?
Acknowledge the fear and discuss options like advance directives.
What therapeutic intervention can be used to foster hope in patients?
Listening attentively and supporting patient choices.
How does spirituality relate to palliative care?
Spirituality includes personal beliefs and practices; it can provide comfort during illness.
What role do family dynamics play in palliative care?
Family involvement is essential, and viewing the patient/family as a single unit of care is crucial.
What resources should nurses provide for families?
Support groups and bereavement services.
How can the effectiveness of palliative care be communicated?
Through honest and open dialogue about treatment options and expectations.
What type of care is provided in the home setting for palliative patients?
Home-based primary care with palliative care skills to manage symptoms.
What is a significant challenge in managing grief?
Recognizing that grief is not a linear process and varies among individuals.
What contributes to effective symptom management in end-of-life care?
Interdisciplinary team collaboration ensuring coordinated and comprehensive care.
What is an essential component of nurse education regarding end-of-life issues?
Understanding ethical dilemmas and addressing care/cure perspectives.
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