3ARCC-BT-BUILDING STONES

stone

an aggregate or combination of minerals, each of which is composed of inorganic chemical substances

igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

3 classifications of stone

igneous

formed by the crystallization of molten magma, as granite, obsidian, malachite

metamorphic

has undergone a change in structure, texture, or composition due to the natural agencies as heat and pressure, especially when the rock becomes harder and more crystalline, as marble and slate

sedimentary

formed by the deposition of sediment by glacial action, as limestone, sandstone, and shale

rubble, dimension stone, flagstone, crushed stone

use of stone in construction

rubble

consists of rough fragments of broken stone that have atleast one good face for exposure in wall

dimension stone

is quarried and squared stone 2' or more in length and width and of specified thickness, used commonly for wall panels, cornices, copings, lintels and flooring

flagstone

refers to flat stone slabs used for flooring and horizontal surfacing

crushed stone

used as aggregate in concrete products

Argillite

type of building stone: formed from clay, dark blue with faint shades of green. used as floor tiles, stair treads, coping stones

granite

type of building stone: igneous origin, hard, strong, durable, and capable of taking high pressure polish. Red, pink, yellow, green, blue, white, and brown

limestone

type of building stone: sedimentary rock like dolomite, no cleavage lines, low in absorption, smooth, uniform in structure and composition. high compressive and tensile strength

travertine

type of building stone: sedimentary rock, pleasing texture with small natural pockets on a cut surface

marble

type of building stone: metamorphic rock, a re crystallized limestone forming into carrara, parian, onyz, and vermont

serpentine

type of building stone: igneous with mineral serpentine. typically olive greento greenish black but impurities may color the rock

sandstone

type of building stone: a class of rock cemented silica grains with texture ranging from very fine to very coarse. colors vary from buff, red and light brown. porous where as 30% of volume composed of pores

slate rock

metamorphosis of clays and shales deposited in layers.

slates

slate rock may be separated into thin, tough sheets called

paneling

thin slabs of stone cut to dimension and thickness to cover back up walls and provide finished exterior

running bond

a masonry bond formed when all units are laid in stretcher position, with half-unit overlap

STACK BOND

A masonry bond formed when there is no overlapping of all units and all horizontal and vertical joints are alligned

coursed ashlar

ashlar masonry laid out in courses of equal height; blocks of various sizes may be combined to make up the height of the course

ashlars

work requires the use of cut stone that includes broken ashlars, regularly/ irregularly coursed

random ashlar

ashlar masonry laid without regular courses but with an overall effect of horizontal orientation

rubblework

random and no attempt to form an orderly course either horizontal or verticl, smaller spaces are filled with smaller stone

coursed rubble

fieldstone or roughly dressed stone, with or without mortar, assembled to give a effect of courses

fieldstone

stone found on the ground (not quarried) that is a suitable size and shape for use as drywall or rubble masonry

trim

stones cut for specific purposes like jambs, sills, copings, cornices, lintels, steps, arch stone (voussoirs)

rusticated

stone finish: a term describing stone masonry with a recessed cut margin, so channel is formed when the blocks are aligned

sand finish

stone finish: granular and moderately smooth, varying with the characteristics of the specific stone

sawn face

stone finish: a term describing stone exhibiting the marks left by the saw used to cut it

rock face

stone finish: emphasized face-plane shifts and rough corners, exaggerating the natural look of the stone

split face

stone finish: exhibiting the natural quarry texture resulting from splitting the stone

granite

a very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica or other colored minerals

marble

an example of a metamorphic rock formed by crystallization of limestone, consisting mainlly of calcite and dolomite, used especially in architecture and sculpture

sedimentary

limestone is classified under what classiification of rock according to its origin

sedimentary

oolite is classified under what classification of rock according to its origin

dolomite

a limestone that is rich in magnesium carbonate

building stone

any stone suitable for use in building construction such as limestone, marble, granite

serpentine

a kind of igneous rock consisting of hydrous magnesium silicate, usually green in color and having a mottled appearance

gneiss

a metamorphic rock having a banded or foliated pattern corresponding in composition to granite

limestone

a kind of sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the accumulation of organic remains such as shells and corals and used as a building stone and in the manufacture of limestones

metamorphic

slate is classified under what classification of rock according to its origin