1: Cardiac Markers and Disease Flashcards

Flashcards about Cardiac Markers and Disease

What are the three isoenzymes of Creatine Kinase (CK)?

CK-MM, CK-MB, and CK-BB

Which CK isoenzyme is the most specific indicator of myocardial damage?

CK-MB (CK2)

What condition is indicated by an increase in CK2 (CK-MB)?

Cardiac injury

What is a major source of error when measuring CK levels?

Hemolysis

In the context of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), what percentage of total CK is CK-MB typically greater than?

5%

Which layer of the cardiac wall is most susceptible to myocardial ischemia?

Endocardium

List three conditions included within Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction

What is the term for chest pain on exertion with reversible tissue injury?

Angina

What condition is defined as unstable ischemia with no evidence of cardiac necrosis?

Unstable angina

What is the scientific term for cell death?

Necrosis

What is the definition of ischemia?

Lack of blood supply

What biomarker progressively increases with the severity of congestive heart failure?

Natriuretic peptides

What is the key difference between STEMI and NSTEMI?

STEMI has an elevated ST segment; NSTEMI does not

What is the major cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

Atherosclerosis

What LD isoenzyme pattern indicates AMI?

LD-1 > LD-2

What is the first enzyme or biomarker to rise after an AMI?

Myoglobin

Which cardiac marker stays elevated the longest after an AMI?

cTnT

Which cardiac enzyme increases initially after an AMI?

CK-MB

Which cardiac enzyme/marker is elevated the longest after an AMI?

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD)

In relation to cardiac markers and Acute Myocardial Infarction, What does AMI stand for?

Acute Myocardial Infarction

What is one of the primary drawbacks of using myoglobin as a cardiac marker?

Not cardiac specific

What is cTnT and cTnI?

Cardiac isoforms of Troponin

What is a disadvantage of using TnT (Troponin T) as a cardiac marker?

False positive in renal failure and COPD

What is the role of B12, B6 and folic acid in relation to homocysteine?

Needed to metabolize methionine, which affects homocysteine levels

The Framingham Risk Score estimates the ___-year cardiovascular risk of a person

10