chapter 15

Flavor refers to

retronasal olfaction

Taste refers to

sensation of chemicals on the tongue

Filiform papillae

small, thread-like projections on the tongue that provide texture but do not contain taste buds.

Fungiform papillae

mushroom-shaped structures on the tongue that contain taste buds and are involved in taste sensation.

Foliate papillae

Folds of tissue containing taste buds as the reaar of the tongue where the tongue attaches to the mouth

circumvallate papillae

Circular structures that form an inverted V on the tongueand contain taste buds, playing a significant role in taste perception.

Taste buds

Sensory organs located on the tongue that detect taste signals and send them to the brain for processing.

Chorda tympani

Cranial nerve 7, receives input from the taste buds and prjects to the brain

Vagus nerve

cranial nerve 10, involved in autonomic functions and receives taste information from the throat and epiglottis.

Small charged particles transduced via ion channels

give rise to sour and salty taste

particles transduced by G-[rptein coupled receptors

give rise to sweet and bitter taste

Specific hunger theory

A theory suggesting that deficiencies in specific nutrients or minerals create cravings for foods rich in those substances, driving individuals to seek out and consume them.

Cross-modality matching-

 A method that involves matching stimulus intensity of one sense to the intensity of another sense.

Supertasters

 Individuals whose perception of taste sensations is the most intense. They have higher density of fungiform papillae and can detect PTC and PROP tastants.

Fat

An important nutrient that doesn't invoke taste perception but does signal the trigeminal nerve to perceive texture. 

umami

A candidate for a fifth basic taste that comes from MSG. There are receptors for this in the mouth and gut.

Sweet binds to

heterodimer which is G-protein coupled

_____lets Na+ cations through an ion channel

Salty

______ lets H+ through an ion channel

sour

bitter binds to ___.

G-protein coupled receptors.

All of these depolarize the taste bud cell then signal

medulla, thalamus, gustatory cortex