NutriDent: Finals

Two Types of Vitamins

1. Water Soluble Vitamins

2. Fat Soluble Vitamins

Enumerate the Fat Soluble Vitamins and their Other Names

1. Vitamin A: Antixerophthalmic

2. Vitamin D: Antiricketic

3. Vitamin E: Anti-sterility

4. Vitamin K: Antihemorrhagic

1. What is the other name for Vitamin A derived from its provitamin?

2. What is one major function of Vitamin A related to vision?

3. What condition in adults is caused by Vitamin A deficiency, leading to difficulty seeing in low light?

4. Which organ is the primary storage site of Vitamin A in the body?

5. Name one toxic manifestation of excessive Vitamin A intake.

1. Beta Carotene

2. Promotes the formation of visual purple (rhodopsin) for vision.

3. Night blindness

4. Liver

5. Liver damage

How does Vitamin A deficiency affect oral structures?

• Hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of gingival tissue

• Can contribute to cleft lip and palate formation.

1. What are the two main forms of Vitamin D?

2. What are the key functions of Vitamin D in the body?

3. What are the deficiency diseases caused by lack of Vitamin D?

4. What is a common toxic effect of excessive Vitamin D intake?

5. What is the main source of Vitamin D?

1. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) and Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)

2. Absorbs calcium for bone health and promotes bone and teeth development.

3. Rickets and osteomalacia

4. Hypercalcemia

5. Sunlight

1. What is another name for Vitamin E?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin E?

3. What is a key symptom of Vitamin E deficiency?

4. What is a common toxic effect of excessive Vitamin E intake?

5. What are the main food sources of Vitamin E?

1. Tocopherol

2. Acts as an antioxidant to protect Vitamin A from oxidation.

3. Erythrocyte hemolysis (ruptured RBCs)

4. Delayed blood coagulation

5. Vegetable oil, nuts, and seeds.

1. What is the primary function of Vitamin K?

2. Why is Vitamin K important in dentistry?

3. What is a major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency?

4. What is a toxic effect of excessive Vitamin K intake?

5. What are the main food sources of Vitamin K?

1. Blood clotting

2. It prevents excessive bleeding after tooth extractions.

3. Hemorrhage

4. Jaundice

5. Leafy green vegetables

1. is a symptom of Vitamin A

2. is where absorption of fat soluble vitamins occurs.

3. ensures clotting of the extraction wound.

4. is a non-food source of vitamin D.

5. are the storage of vitamin E in the oral cavity.

6. is a fat soluble vitamin that promotes normal tooth development. 

7. Cleft palate  and cleft lip are deficiency of

8. serve as anti-oxidant.

9. is the yellow vitamin that is derived from  B carotene.

1. Follicular hyperkeratosis

2. Small Intestine

3. Vitamin K

4. Sun

5. Teeth

6. Vitamin D

7. Vitamin A 

8. Vitamin E

9. Vitamin A

Which vitamins are antioxidants, and what is their role

Vitamins A, C, and E act as antioxidants that prevent cell damage by stopping oxidation.

Enumerate the Fat-Soluble Vitamins and their Other Names

1. Vitamin B1: Thiamin

2. Vitamin B2: Riboflavin

3. Vitamin B3: Niacin

4. Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid

5. Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine

6. Vitamin B7: Biotin

7. Vitamin B9: Folic Acid

8. Vitamin B12: Cobalamin

9. Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid

1. What is another name for Vitamin B1?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B1?

3. What deficiency diseases are associated with Vitamin B1?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B1?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the body?

1. Thiamin

2. It helps metabolize carbohydrates and fats for energy production.

3. Beriberi

4. Pork, beans, and nuts

5. It is essential for nervous system and energy metabolism

1. What is another name for Vitamin B2?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B2?

3. What deficiency diseases are associated with Vitamin B2?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B2?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B2 in the body?

1. Riboflavin

2. It helps in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

3. Anemia

4. Cheese, egg yolk, almonds

5. It is essential for energy metabolism and red blood cell formation

1. What is another name for Vitamin B3?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B3?

3. What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin B3?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B3?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B3 in the body?

1. Niacin

2. It supports energy production and fat metabolism

3. Pellagra

4. Liver, chicken, and whole grains

5. It helps reduce bad cholesterol and supports energy production

1. What is another name for Vitamin B5?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B5?

3. What is a deficiency symptom of Vitamin B5?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B5?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B5 in the body?

1. Anti-Stress vitamin

2. It helps produce stress and sex hormones and assists in metabolism.

3. Paresthesia (tingling or numbness).

4. Peas, beans, organ meats, and avocados.

5. It supports hormone production and cell metabolism.

1. What are the other names for Vitamin B6?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B6?

3. What is a toxicity symptom of Vitamin B6?

4. What are some deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B6?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B6 in the body?

1. Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine

2. It strengthens the immune system and helps in protein metabolism

3. Muscle incoordination and numbness

4. Anemia and skin disorders.

5. It aids in immune function and nervous system efficiency.

1. What is another name for Vitamin B7?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B7?

3. What is a deficiency symptom of Vitamin B7?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B7?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B7 in the body?

1. Biotin

2. It helps maintain skin and nails and aids in nutrient metabolism.

3. Alopecia (hair loss)

4. Legumes, mushrooms, and liver

5. It supports skin health and energy production.

1. What is the primary function of Vitamin B9?

2. What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin B9?

3. What are some food sources of Vitamin B9?

4. What is the role of Vitamin B9 during pregnancy?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B9 in the body?

1. It is essential for red blood cell production and fetal development.

2. Anemia

3. Broccoli, liver, and beans.

4. It prevents brain and spinal cord defects in the fetus.

5. It supports RBC production and immune function.

1. What is another name for Vitamin B12?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin B12?

3. What deficiency diseases are associated with Vitamin B12?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin B12?

5. What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body?

1. Cobalamin

2. It helps in RBC formation and nervous system development

3. Pernicious anemia and dementia.

4. Meat, milk, eggs, and fish.

5. It works with folic acid to produce RBCs and maintain the nervous system.

1. What is the primary function of Choline?

2. What deficiency disease is associated with Choline?

3. What are some food sources of Choline?

4. What is the role of Choline in the body?

5. What is the effect of Choline deficiency?

1. It maintains cell membrane integrity and supports nervous system activity.

2. Liver carcinoma development.

3. Liver, eggs, and almonds.

4. It supports nerve function and maintains cell structure.

5. Liver carcinoma development.

1. What is another name for Vitamin C?

2. What is the primary function of Vitamin C?

3. What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin C?

4. What are some food sources of Vitamin C?

5. What is the role of Vitamin C in the body?

1. Ascorbic Acid

2. It helps in collagen formation and supports the immune system.

3. Scurvy

4. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and peppers.

5. It supports wound healing and strengthens the immune system

Wet Brain (Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome)

Causes:

Symptoms:

Cause: Thiamine

Symptoms: Memory loss

Ariboflavinosis

Causes:

Symptoms:

Cause: Riboflavin

Symptoms: Cheilitis

Pellagra

Causes:

Symptoms:

Cause: Niacin

Symptoms: Diarrhea

Scurvy

Causes:

Symptoms:

Cause: Vitamin C

Symptoms: Bleeding

Enumerate the Macrominerals

1. calcium

2. chloride

3. magnesium

4. phosphorus

5. potassium

6. sodium

7. sulfur

What macromineral is essential for bone and teeth structure?

Calcium

1. Mineral that is a structural component of bones and teeth, and plays a role in muscle contraction and blood clotting.

2. Calcium deficiency disease found in children.

3. Food source that is a rich source of calcium and commonly consumed for its probiotic benefits

1. Calcium

2. Rickets

3. Yogurt

1. The electrolyte that helps maintain pH balance and is a key component of gastric hydrochloric acid.

2. A food source that is rich in chloride and commonly used as a seasoning in many cuisines.

1. Chloride

2. Table salt

1. The mineral that supports normal muscle and nerve function, and helps regulate blood sugar levels.

2. A food source high in magnesium that is also a source of healthy fats and is often recommended in heart-healthy diets.

1. Magnesium

2. Avocado

1. The mineral that is a structural component of bones and teeth, and plays a role in energy release from food.

2. The food source that provides a significant amount of phosphorus and is commonly consumed in the form of shellfish.

1. Phosphorus

2. Oysters

1. The mineral that helps maintain water, electrolyte, and pH balance inside cells.

2. A potassium-rich food that is commonly consumed as a snack or dessert and is high in potassium.

1. Potassium

2. Banana

1. The mineral that plays a role in regulating water, pH, and electrolyte balance, and is commonly found in table salt.

2. A food that contains sodium and is commonly found in processed foods and snacks.

1. Sodium

2. Cheese

1. The mineral that is important for the creation of the hormone insulin and is found in sulfur-containing amino acids.

2. A food source rich in sulfur that is also known for its high protein content and often consumed in the form of meat or poultry.

1. Sulfur

2. Eggs

Enumerate the Microminerals

1. Zinc

2. Iron

3. Copper

4. Iodine

5. Selenium

6. Manganese

7. Chromium

8. Fluoride

9. Molybdenum

1. The mineral that is essential for wound healing and making new cells and enzymes.

2. The mineral that helps strengthen enamel and prevent cavities by making teeth resistant to decay.

3. The mineral needed for the absorption and use of iron in red blood cell formation and the production of red and white blood cells.

4. The mineral that forms part of thyroid hormones and regulates body temperature, metabolism, and growth.

5. The mineral with antioxidant properties that protect against cell damage and help maintain cell health.

6. The mineral that is a component of an essential enzyme system.

7. The mineral that is a constituent of essential enzymes.

8. The mineral that is part of Vitamin B12 and is involved in nerve function and blood formation.

9. The mineral associated with the functioning of insulin and glucose metabolism.

1. Zinc

2. Fluoride

3. Copper

4. Iodine

5. Selenium

6. Manganese

7. Molybdenum

8. Cobalt

9. Chromium

1. A food source that is rich in zinc and is commonly consumed as shellfish.

2. A food source that is rich in fluoride and is commonly consumed as a beverage.

3. A food source that provides copper and is commonly consumed in the form of shellfish.

4. A food source rich in iodine that is commonly consumed and has been fortified to prevent deficiencies.

5. A food source high in selenium that is also known for its antioxidant content, often found in nuts.

6. A food source that is rich in manganese and commonly consumed in the form of nuts.

7. A food source rich in molybdenum that is commonly consumed in the form of legumes.

8. Identify a food source rich in cobalt that is of animal origin.

9. A food source rich in chromium that is commonly consumed in the form of whole grains.

1. Oysters

2. Tea

3. Oysters

4. Iodized salt

5. Brazil nuts

6. Almonds

7. Lentils

8. Liver

9. Whole wheat bread

The disease caused by a severe lack of selenium, leading to muscular dystrophy and loss of appetite.

Keshan Disease