The central and Peripheral nervous systems

What makes up the central nervous system?

the brain and the spinal cord

What makes does the peripheral nervous system do?

connects all body organs and systems to the CNS

What are the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?

somatic and autonomic

What does the somatic nervous system do?

connects the brain with the muscles and sensory systems

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

controls the internal organs

What are the characteristics of cranial nerves?

12 pairs, serves the sensory and motor systems of the head and neck, pass through small openings in the skull, never join the spinal cord

What are the characteristics of spinal nerves?

31 pairs, pass through small openings in the backbone, each spinal nerve has two branches (dorsal and ventral)

olfactorius cranial nerves

smell

opticus cranial nerves

vision

oculomotorius cranial nerves

4/6 outer eye muscles, eyelid, pupil, accommodation

trochlearis cranial nerves

upper lateral eye muscle

trigeminalis cranial nerves

face, sinuses, jaw, teeth

abducens cranial nerves

lateral eye muscle

facialis cranial muscles

face muscles, some taste

vestibulocochlearis cranial muscles

hearing and balance

glossopharyngeus cranial nerves

throat, some taste

vagus cranial nerves

internal organs

accessorius cranial nerves

neck muscles

hypoglossus cranial nerves

tongue muscles

Spinal nerves

8 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic (trunk), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral (pelvis), 1 coccygeal (bottom), numbered as C1-8, T1-12, L1-5, S1-5

What are the 3 major subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

sympathetic NS, parasympathetic NS, and enteric NS

Where are preganglionic cells found?

in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

What do preganglionic cells do?

they innervate the sympathetic chain of autonomic ganglia that run along each side of the spinal cord

What does the parasympathetic NS do?

helps the body relax, recuperate, and prepare for future action

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic NS?

norepinephrine

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic NS?

acetylcholine