Nucleotide Metabolism (Purine Biosynthesis)

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Flashcards of key vocabulary terms related to Purine Biosynthesis

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29 Terms

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Purine

A nitrogenous base with a two-ring structure; includes adenine and guanine.

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Pyrimidine

A nitrogenous base with a one-ring structure; includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

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Ribonucleotide

A nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose sugar.

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Deoxyribonucleotide

A nucleotide containing deoxyribose as its pentose sugar.

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De novo pathway

A pathway for nucleotide synthesis that begins with metabolic precursors like amino acids, ribose 5-phosphate, CO2, and NH3.

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Salvage pathway

A pathway that recycles free bases and nucleosides released from nucleic acid breakdown.

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Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP)

An important precursor in both de novo and salvage pathways for nucleotide synthesis; retains the ribose structure in the product nucleotide.

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Adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP)

A purine nucleotide containing the adenine base; also known as adenylate.

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Guanosine 5-monophosphate (GMP)

A purine nucleotide containing the guanine base; also known as guanylate.

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Inosine Monophosphate (IMP)

Basic pathway for biosynthesis of purine ribonucleotides

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Ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase

Enzyme responsible for activation of ribose-5-phosphate

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5-phosphoribosyl-a-pyrophosphate (PRPP)

Product of the activation of ribose-5-phosphate, precursor in pyrimidine nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis

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Amidophosphoribosyl transferase

Enzyme responsible for acquisition of purine atom 9

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Glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR)

Product of reaction of b-phosphoribosylamine with ATP and glycine via glycinamide synthetase

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Formylglycenamide ribonucleotide (FGAR)

Product of formylation of free a-amino group of GAR via GAR transformylase

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Formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM)

Product of amide amino group transfer from glutamine to form formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM)

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5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR)

Product of the closing of the imidazole ring or formation of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide

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Carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR)

Product of acquisition of C6 with the introduction of HCO3

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5-aminoimidazole-4-(N-succinylocarboxamide) ribotide (SAICAR)

Product of the acqusition of N1 from aspartate in an amide condensation reaction

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5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR)

Product of elimination of fumarate

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5-formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (FAICAR)

Product of the acquisition of C2 from another formylation reaction

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Inosinate (IMP)

Product of cyclization or ring closure

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Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase

Allosteric enzyme inhibited by IMP, AMP, and GMP

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IMP dehydrogenase

Enzyme inhibited by GMP excess

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Adenylosuccinate synthetase

Enzyme inhibited by adenylate accumulation

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APRT (adenine phosphoribosyl transferase)

Enzyme for adenine in the purine salvage pathway.

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HGPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)

Enzyme for guanine or hypoxanthine in the purine salvage pathway.

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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of HGPRT, leading to hyperuricemia, gout, and neurological problems including self-mutilation.

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Allopurinol

A treatment for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome that decreases the formation of uric acid.