AP2 Lecture Exam MCQs

Which of the following is true of the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) All valves in the heart are open.
B) Ventricular pressure is less than aortic pressure.
C) Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure.
D) Ventricular pressure is decreasing.
E) None of the Above are true.

B) Ventricular pressure is less than aortic pressure.

You stand up and get lightheaded, which of the following would NOT occur in response?
A) There would be less action potentials traveling afferently from the baroreceptors.
B) The body would respond by decreasing parasympathetic activity.
C) The body would respond by vasoconstricting most peripheral arterioles in the body.
D) There would be an increased release of both nor-epinephrine and epinephrine.
E) All of the above would occur.

E) All of the above would occur.

Remember our "Things that go together game" ... with that, Anatomy is to _____, as physiology is to _____.
A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form

C) structure; function

Which of the following is true with respect to the CV system?
A) There is a higher pressure gradient across the systemic circuit compared to the pulmonary
B) The resistance of the systemic circuit is higher than that of the pulmonary circuit
C) The flow in the systemic circuit is higher than the flow in the pulmonary circuit
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

D) Both A and B

Which of the following is false with respect to the cardiac muscle?
A) It is an aerobic muscle that gets its oxygen from the coronary blood supply.
B) After birth, the heart muscle cells cannot divide to make more muscle cells, they can only get bigger.
C) A lack of blood flow to the heart is called myocardial ischemia which can lead to myocardial infarctions.
D) Receptors in the arterioles leading to the heart contain B2 adrenergic receptors and thus dilate with NE stimulus.
E) None, all of the above are true.

E) None, all of the above are true.

6. Which of the following is false regarding the arteries?
A) They have low compliance allowing for elastic recoil during diastole
B) They have a higher blood pressure than any other vessel in the body
C) They are large diameter vessels with low resistance
D) All arteries have endothelial cells lining the lumen of the vessel
E) None, all of the above are true

E) None, all of the above are true

Denopamine is a cardiotonic drug, which is a known BI adrenergic receptor agonist. Which of the following would NOT be an expected response?
A) Vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles leading to increased MAP.
B) Increase Heart Rate thus leading to an increase in MAP.
C) Increase the permeability of the calcium channels in the membrane of contractile cells leading to increased contraction strength.
D) Increased cardiac output leading to more blood leaving the heart per minute.
E) All of the above would be expected responses.

A) Vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles leading to increased MAP.

Which of the following is true regarding the contraction and relaxation of the atrial contractile cells?
A) Contraction of these cells would lead to a transition from passive filling phase to active filling phase of the cardiac cycle
B) Repolarization of these cells occurs during the t-wave of the cardiac cycle
C) Relaxation would occur because calcium is removed in several ways including by secondary active transport moving
D) Both A and B Ca' out of the cardiac cell through the Ca/Na exchanger in the cell membrane
E) Both A and C

E) Both A and C

As the sarcomere length of muscle is stretched beyond the length where optimum force is developed, _______.
A) the amount of calcium released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced as length increases
B) the thin filaments are pulled away from one another, thereby reducing their ability to interact with myosin
C) the thick filaments are pulled away from one another, thereby reducing their ability to interact with actin
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C

B) the thin filaments are pulled away from one another, thereby reducing their ability to interact with myosin

Which of the following would NOT result from an increase in ventricular contractility?
A) increased stroke volume
B) increased mean arterial pressure
C) increased cardiac output
D) increased end-systolic volume
E) none, all of the above will result

D) increased end-systolic volume

11. Which phase of the cardiac cycle is it when the semilunar valves are open and the pressure in the atrium is higher than the pressure in the ventricle?
A) Ventricular filling
B) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
C) Ventricular ejection
D) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
E) None of the above

E) None of the above

12. The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute can be described by the equation ______.
A) (pulse pressure) - (end-diastolic volume)
B) (stroke volume) × (end-diastolic volume)
C) (end-diastolic volume) - (end-systolic volume)
D) (end-systolic volume) - (end-diastolic volume)
E) (heart rate) x (stroke volume)

E) (heart rate) x (stroke volume)

13. On day I we went over the syllabus and grades. From that, what is the student's exam average if they get the following for their exams 1-3 + final- 70%, 80%, 80% then 90% on the final?
A) 70%
B) 75%
C) 80%
D) 85%
E) 90%

D) 85%

Which of the following describes the Starling's effect of end-diastolic volume on stroke volume?
A) An increase in end-diastolic volume stretches ventricular muscle cells to lengths greater than optimum, decreasing the strength of contraction and thereby decreasing stroke volume.
B) A decrease in end-diastolic volume allows cardiac muscle to relax, conserving energy for the next contraction, thereby increasing stroke volume of that next contraction.
C) A decrease in end-diastolic volume allows ventricular muscle cells to relax more during diastole, allowing more blood to return to the heart increasing stroke volume.
D) An increase in end-diastolic volume stretches ventricular muscle cells to lengths closer to optimum, increasing the strength of contraction and thereby increasing stroke volume.
E) None of the above

D) An increase in end-diastolic volume stretches ventricular muscle cells to lengths closer to optimum, increasing the strength of contraction and thereby increasing stroke volume.

15. Which of the following is false regarding the video we watched on Kevin's heart condition?
A) Kevin's heart condition was caused by a mutation in delayed rectifying K+ channels
B) Kevin had what is known as long QT syndrome
C) Treatment for this condition is implantation of a pacemaker into the chest of the patient
D) This was a genetic condition and thus unfortunately Kevin's siblings also had the mutated gene
E) None, all of the above are true

C) Treatment for this condition is implantation of a pacemaker into the chest of the patient

16. What electrical event is shown in the graph to the right?
A) Ventricular Depolarization
B) Ventricular Repolarization
C) Atrial Depolarization
D) Atrial Repolarization
E) None of the above

B) Ventricular Repolarization

17. What wave would this electrical event be on the ECG?
A) P wave
B) QRS complex
C) T wave
D) Both P and T waves
E) None of the above

C) T wave