lumbar spine test II (AP axial L5 S1 articulation, lateral flexion and extension, and right and left bending)

True or false:

The PA axial projection of the lumbosacral junction requires the patient to be supine

False

Which of the following is true concerning the AP or PA axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?

The midsagittal plane should be centered to the IR

Which of the following projections requires the patient to be lying on their right or left side?

More than one, but not all of the above

Which of the following is true concerning the weight bearing right and left bending positions?

• keep the patients midsagittal plane aligned with the center of the grid

• Two images should be made; one with the patient bending to the right and one with the patient bending to the left

• The patient should bend as far as possible without lifting the foot

• The degree of bending should not be forced and no support should be provided for the patient while they’re in the bending position

Which of the following is true concerning the recumbent right and left bending positions?

• Two images should be made; one with the patient bending to the right and one with the patient bending to the left

• The patients heels and shoulders should be moved as much as possible toward the side that is flexed

True or false:

The lateral projection of the lumbar spine requires the patient to lean forward and draw the thighs up as much as possible to forcibly flex the spine

True

Which projection requires the patient to lean the thorax backward and posteriorly extend the thighs and limbs as much as possible?

Lateral extension

Which of the following projections requires suspension of respiration?

• AP/ PA axial lumbosacral junction

• Right and left bending

• Lateral flexion and extension

Which of the following projections requires the CR to be perpendicular to and centered to L3?

• Right and left AP bending

• Right and left PA bending

• Lateral flexion

• Lateral extension

L3 is at the same level as ______

A plane 1.5 inches superior to the iliac crests

True or false:

For the lateral flexion and extension projections, if spinal fusion is present, the CR should pass through the area of the fusion

True

Which of the following statements is/are true concerning the axial projections of the lumbosacral junction?

• AP- angle the CR 30 to 35 degrees cephalad

• PA- angle the CR 30 to 35 degrees caudad

Where should you center for the AP axial lumbosacral junction projection?

Midsagittal plane and 1.5 inches superior to the symphysis pubis

Which of the following projections demonstrates an open lumbosacral joint and a symmetric image of the SI joints?

AP axial lumbosacral junction

Which of the following projections demonstrates limitation of motion at the site of a protruding or herniated disk?

More than one, but not all of the above

Which of the following projections demonstrates motion in the area of a spinal fusion?

More than one, but not all of the above

Which of the following projections demonstrates mobility of the intervertebral joints?

Weight bearing right and left bending

Which of the following projections demonstrates the presence of structural change in early scoliosis patients?

Recumbent right and left bending

Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the lateral flexion and extension projections?

• no rotation of the vertebral column

• Posterior margins of the vertebral bodies are superimposed

• Site of the spinal fusion centered to the image

Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the upright right and left bending projections?

• no rotation of the vertebral column

• Symmetrical ala (demonstrating no pelvic rotation)

• Includes the anatomical area from the lower thoracic interspaces to all of the sacrum

Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the recumbent right and left bending projections?

• no rotation of the vertebral column

• Site of the spinal fusion centered to the image

• Symmetrical ala (demonstrating no pelvic rotation)

Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the AP axial lumbosacral junction?

• Symmetrical ala (demonstrating no pelvic rotation)

• Includes the anatomical area from the lower thoracic interspaces to all of the sacrum

• Open intervertebral disk spaces between L5 and S1

Which of the following projections will significantly reduce radiation dose to the patients gonads and breast tissue?

PA right and left bending