Digestive System Med Term

Surface elevations of the tongue that perceive taste are called:
a. rugae.
b. buccae.
c. papillae.
d. chyme.
e. stoma.

c. papillae

Bile is produced in the:
a. pancreas.
b. gallbladder.
c. stomach.
d. liver.
e. duodenum.

d. liver

The structure that lies beneath the hard enamel surface of the tooth is called the:
a. dentin.
b. gingiva.
c. soft palate.
d. uvula.
e. bolus.

a. dentin

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas play a vital role in:
a. secreting hormones.
b. absorbing water.
c. absorbing minerals.
d. digestion and absorption of nutrients.
e. process of mastication.

d. digestion and absorption of nutrients

What is an important function of the liver?
a. Produces insulin
b. Maintains glucose levels in the blood
c. Produces thyroxine
d. Secretes estrogen
e. Secretes testosterone

b. maintains glucose levels in the blood

What section of the large intestine is associated with the appendix?
a. Stomach
b. Cecum
c. Rectum
d. Anus
e. Sigmoid colon

b. cecum

What section of the large intestine is associated with the liver?
a. Hepatic flexure
b. Ascending colon
c. Descending colon
d. Sigmoid colon
e. Transverse colon

a. hepatic flexure

Which structure has respiratory and digestive functions?
a. Tongue
b. Uvula
c. Trachea
d. Esophagus
e. Pharynx

e. pharynx

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the:
a. pyloric sphincter.
b. fundus.
c. cardiac sphincter.
d. longitudinal folds.
e. longitudinal sphincter.

c. cardiac sphincter

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream are called:
a. villi.
b. omenta.
c. gingivae.
d. stomata.
e. papillae.

a. villi

Which is an accessory organ of digestion?
a. Stomach
b. Colon
c. Ileum
d. Liver
e. Spleen

d. liver

The progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body is called:
a. perineum.
b. periosteum.
c. peristalsis.
d. anastomosis.
e. stomatosis.

c. peristalsis

Mucosal folds in the stomach wall are called:
a. sphincters.
b. fundi.
c. villi.
d. rugae.
e. papillae.

d. rugae

Blood proteins, such as prothrombin, are produced by the:
a. pancreas.
b. cystic duct.
c. pylorus.
d. stomach.
e. liver.

e. liver

When bile is needed for digestion, the gallbladder releases it into the duodenum through the:
a. lymph duct.
b. venous duct.
c. common bile duct.
d. pancreatic duct.
e. hepatic duct.

c. common bile duct

The combining form (CF) proct/o means:
a. colon.
b. small intestine.
c. appendage.
d. anus, rectum.
e. duodenum.

d. anus, rectum

The CF cholecyst/o means:
a. gallstone.
b. gallbladder.
c. bile vessel.
d. bile duct.
e. bladder swelling.

b. gallbladder

The CF choledoch/o means:
a. bile vessel.
b. gallbladder.
c. bladder duct.
d. bile duct.
e. hepatic duct.

d. bile duct

The CFs col/o and colon/o mean:
a. stomach.
b. small intestine.
c. colon.
d. appendices.
e. rectum.

c. colon

The CFs or/o and stomat/o mean:
a. teeth.
b. mouth.
c. opening.
d. tongue.
e. throat.

b. mouth

The CF odont/o means:
a. teeth.
b. gum(s).
c. lip.
d. mouth.
e. tongue.

a. teeth

The CF cholangi/o means:
a. bile vessel.
b. bile duct.
c. bile drainage.
d. bile structure.
e. bile tumor.

a. bile vessel

The CF chol/e means:
a. liver secretion.
b. pancreatic production.
c. gallbladder secretion.
d. gallbladder drainage.
e. bile, gall.

e. bile, gall

The suffix -emesis means:
a. swallowing.
b. ingestion.
c. blood condition.
d. digestion.
e. vomiting.

e. vomiting

The suffix -prandial means:
a. enlargement.
b. meal.
c. vomit.
d. gall.
e. expansion.

b. meal

The suffix -pepsia means:
a. anorexic.
b. eating, swallowing.
c. digestion.
d. meal.
e. appetite.

c. digestion

The suffix -orexia means:
a. disease.
b. digestion.
c. swallowing.
d. appetite.
e. discharge.

d. appetite

The suffix -rrhea means:
a. discharge, flow.
b. eating.
c. vomiting.
d. through, across.
e. disease.

a. discharge, flow

The prefix dia- means:
a. through, across.
b. in front.
c. beside.
d. in back.
e. behind.

a. through, across

The prefix peri- means:
a. upon.
b. across.
c. behind.
d. in front.
e. around.

e. around

What does the term congenital hernia mean?
a. Hernia caused during puberty
b. Hernia present because of obstruction
c. Hernia present at birth
d. Hernia caused by infection
e. Hernia present in pregnant women

c. hernia present at birth

When the blood supply to a herniated structure is cut off, the hernia is said to be:
a. anemic.
b. strangulated.
c. congenital.
d. inguinal.
e. umbilical.

b. strangulated

An ulcer that produces a hole in the stomach wall is known as what kind of ulcer?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
c. Pyloric
d. Perforated
e. Congenital

d. perforated

General lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease is called:
a. bulimia.
b. dyspepsia.
c. enteritis.
d. cachexia.
e. diverticulosis.

d. cachexia

Which term means foul-smelling breath?
a. Halitus
b. Ascites
c. Deglutition
d. Cachexia
e. Halitosis

e. halitosis

The word eupepsia refers to:
a. difficult digestion.
b. rapid digestion.
c. abnormally slow digestion.
d. normal digestion.
e. digestive disorders.

d. normal disgestion

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is also known as:
a. borborygmus.
b. spastic colon.
c. colonalgia.
d. colonic irrigation.
e. coloptosis.

b. spastic colon

Difficult or painful swallowing is called:
a. borborygmus.
b. dysphagia.
c. cachexia.
d. dyspepsia.
e. regurgitation.

b. dysphagia

What is the disorder that causes telescoping of the intestine?
a. Intestinal ballooning
b. Intussusception
c. Diverticulosis
d. Volvulus
e. Hernial enteroscopy

b. intussusception

Downward displacement of internal organs is called:
a. visceropexy.
b. Crohn disease.
c. ascites.
d. visceroptosis.
e. borborygmus.

d. visceroptosis

Protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it is called:
a. reflux.
b. perforation.
c. volvulus.
d. diverticulosis.
e. hernia.

e. hernia

What is a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself?
a. Volvulus
b. Intussusception
c. Ischemia
d. Peritonitis
e. Hernia

a. vovulus

A gastric ulcer is also known as a(n):
a. duodenal ulcer.
b. esophageal ulcer.
c. hepatic ulcer.
d. cystic ulcer.
e. peptic ulcer.

e. peptic ulcer

Loss of appetite is also called:
a. bulimia.
b. anorexia.
c. ascites.
d. obstipation.
e. aerophagia.

b. anorexia

An accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity is called:
a. anorexia.
b. edema.
c. ascites.
d. bulimia.
e. flatus.

c. ascites

A condition of stones in the common bile duct is called:
a. cholangiectasis.
b. cholecystopathy.
c. choledocholithiasis.
d. choledochal.
e. cholelith.

c. choledocholithiasis

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is called:
a. Graves disease.
b. colonic polyposis.
c. dysentery.
d. Crohn disease.
e. diarrhea.

d. Crohn disease

Black tarry stool is called:
a. steatorrhea.
b. melanoma.
c. melena.
d. mucus.
e. steatoma.

c. melena

Jaundice is caused by excessive levels of:
a. saliva.
b. chyme.
c. gastric acid.
d. insulin.
e. bilirubin.

e. bilirubin

Which is a term that means stricture or narrowing of the rectum?
a. Rectodynia.
b. Rectoplasty.
c. Rectospasm.
d. Rectopexy.
e. Rectostenosis.

e. rectostenosis

Crohn disease is a bowel disorder that is also known as:
a. diarrhea.
b. volvulus.
c. ischemia.
d. melena.
e. regional enteritis.

e. regional enteritis

Acute gastritis or peptic ulcer may cause:
a. diarrhea.
b. sialorrhea.
c. hyperemesis.
d. cholemesis.
e. hematemesis.

e. hematemesis

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by infected blood?
a. Crohn disease
b. Pancreatitis
c. Hematemesis
d. Hepatitis B
e. Mycosis

d. hepatitis B

Bleeding gums is a primary symptom of:
a. gingivitis.
b. sialitis.
c. esophagitis.
d. stomatitis.
e. periodontitis.

a. gingivitis

Inflammation of the lips is called:
a. gingivitis.
b. stomatitis.
c. pharyngitis.
d. sialitis.
e. cheilitis.

e. cheilitis

Surgical connection of two tubular structures is called:
a. colostomy.
b. obstipation.
c. peristalsis.
d. ileostomy.
e. anastomosis.

e. anastomosis

What is the term for a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity?
a. Gastrostomy
b. Gastrectomy
c. Enterostomy
d. Bariatric surgery
e. Nuclear procedures

d. bariatric surgery

Suture of the second portion of the small intestine is known as:
a. enterorrhaphy.
b. ileorrhaphy.
c. duodenorrhaphy.
d. jejunorrhaphy.
e. colorrhaphy.

d. jejunorraphy

What is the term for the diagnostic procedure to examine the rectum and the anal canal?
a. Sigmoidoscopy
b. Colonoscopy
c. Enteroscopy
d. Coloscopy
e. Proctoscopy

e. proctoscopy

What instrument is used to perform a lower GI endoscopy?
a. Esophagoscope
b. Gastroscope
c. Colonoscope
d. Enteroscope
e. Duodenoscope

c. colonoscope

Structural abnormalities of the esophagus may be diagnosed by endoscopy of the:
a. lower GI tract.
b. rectum.
c. small intestine.
d. upper GI tract.
e. sigmoid colon.

d. upper GI gract

What is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas?
a. Magnetic resonance imaging
b. CT scan
c. Radiograph
d. Ultrasonography
e. Nuclear scan

d. ultrasonography

Which instrument is used to perform a gastroscopy?
a. Sigmoidoscope
b. Flexible, fiberoptic scope
c. Colonoscope
d. Fluoroscopic scope
e. Esophagoscope

b. flexible, fiberoptic scope

The procedure that takes radiographic images of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast medium is called:
a. barium swallow.
b. choledochocystography.
c. cholecystography.
d. sialography.
e. cholangiography.

c. cholecystogrpahy

Which of the following specialists is correctly matched with the procedures they perform?
a. A periodontist straightens teeth.
b. A gastrologist treats gingivitis.
c. A cardiologist treats muscular disorders.
d. An orthodontist treats tooth pain.
e. An enterologist treats diseases of the intestinal tract.

e. An enterologist treats diseases of intestinal tract.

An imaging technique that uses a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts is called:
a. cholangiography.
b. EGD.
c. barium swallow.
d. BE.
e. nuclear scan.

a. cholangiogrpahy

Which test identifies microorganisms or parasites present in feces?
a. Serum bilirubin
b. Stool culture
c. LFT
d. Stool guaiac
e. Hemoccult

b. stool culture

Gastroplasty is a type of surgery to treat:
a. polyps.
b. hernias.
c. ruptures.
d. obesity.
e. infections.

d. obesity

Which test detects the presence of occult (hidden) blood in feces?
a. Bilirubin
b. Serum panel
c. Parasite test
d. Stool guaiac
e. Endoscopy

d. stool guaiac

The endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is called:
a. esophagogastroscopy.
b. gastroduodenoesophagoscopy.
c. esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
d. gastroenteroscopy.
e. colonofibroscopy.

c. esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Which blood test is used to confirm the specific virus causing hepatitis?
a. Bilirubin test
b. CBC
c. Liver function test
d. Hepatitis panel
e. WBC

d. hepatitis panel

Which endoscopic procedure is used to determine the presence of polyps in the colon?
a. Duodenoscopy
b. Lower GI
c. Upper GI
d. Gastroscopy
e. Jejunoscopy

b. lower GI

Which laboratory test is used to establish cirrhosis associated with heavy alcohol use?
a. Liver function test
b. Serum bilirubin
c. Hematocrit
d. CBC
e. Blood culture

a. liver function test

Which physician specializes in treatment of the gums?
a. Orthodontist
b. Pedodontist
c. Periodontist
d. Dentist
e. Endodontist

c. periodontist

Which medical specialty is concerned with digestive disorders?
a. Pulmonology
b. Gastroenterology
c. Endocrinology
d. Oncology
e. Dermatology

b. gastroenterology

Which noninvasive procedure uses shock waves to break up stones in the biliary ducts?
a. Lithectomy
b. Cholelithectomy
c. Lithotomy
d. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
e. Choledocholithotomy

d. extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus is abbreviated as:
a. IBS.
b. CF.
c. LES.
d. GERD.
e. PUD.

d. GERD

Which abbreviation means pertaining to the stomach and intestine?
a. GER
b. GI
c. GERD
d. GB
e. EGI

b. GI

Metamucil is used to treat:
a. spasms.
b. constipation
c. loose stools.
d. nausea.
e. vomiting.

b. constipation

Antiemetics are prescribed to:
a. relieve diarrhea.
b. decrease gastrointestinal spasms.
c. treat constipation.
d. control nausea and vomiting.
e. relieve indigestion.

d. control nausea and vomiting

The route of nutrition or medication administered through a tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach is charted as:
a. NPC.
b. NPO.
c. NG.
d. NS.
e. RS.

c. NG

Which medication is administered to control nausea and vomiting?
a. Antiemetic
b. Antacid
c. Antidiarrheal
d. Antispasmodic
e. Laxative

a. antiemtic

Which medication is administered to control heartburn and acid reflux?
a. Antispasmodic
b. Antiemetic
c. Antiseptic
d. Antacid
e. Antihistamine

d. antacid

A series of radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is abbreviated as:
a. UGIS.
b. GI.
c. GBS.
d. GB.
e. GERD.

a. UGIS

An MRI that visualizes the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder is abbreviated as:
a. ESWL.
b. CT.
c. EUS.
d. MRCP.
e. GBS.

d. MRCP

The blood test that evaluates liver injury and function is abbreviated as:
a. LGI.
b. UGIS.
c. HAV.
d. LFT.
e. HDV.

d. LFT

T/F: Steatorrhea is another term for fatty stools.

true

T/F: Incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements.

true

T/F: Melena refers to light-colored feces that contain pus.

false

T/F: Cirrhosis is a chronic pancreatic disease.

false

T/F: Obstipation is the term for severe constipation.

true

T/F: Crohn disease is also known as regional enteritis.

true

T/F: Cachexia is a disorder in which a person gains excessive weight.

false

T/F: Colorectal cancer usually arises from the epithelial lining of the large intestine.

true

T/F: Peptic ulcer disease may occur in the sigmoid colon.

false

T/F: Proctoplasty is the surgical repair of the rectum.

true

T/F: Anastomosis is a procedure to remove polyps from a vessel.

false

T/F: A large-bore needle may be used to remove a core of tissue from the liver.

true

T/F: stool guaiac is used to detect the presence of blood in feces.

true

T/F: Colostomies are performed to divert fecal flow to a bag on the outside of the body.

true