Trashketball semester exam review

Part A: When the main clause is withheld until the end it is called a(n)- 

Part B: When the main idea or independent clause comes first it is a(n)-

1. Periodic Sentence 

2. Cumulative Sentence

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a successive clause would be-

Anaphora

What is the difference between first-hand and second-hand evidence?

First-hand: Your own knowledge of the world around you (history, current events, etc.)

Second-hand: Information that requires research

An opposition or contrast in ideas by parallelism of words or phrases that are opposite. For example, “we shall support any friend, oppose any foe…”

Antithesis

What type of evidence would you want to use in a timed argument essay?

First-hand evidence

What are the three rhetorical appeals? Explain each.

Ethos (credibility), Logos (logic using data, stats, etc.), and Pathos (emotion) 

In this section of the classical oration, you would appeal to logos through the use of factual information and background knowledge on the subject matter, but also pathos to evoke an emotional response-

Narration

“Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed ” (King). (hint: he is urging you to do something)

Hortative Sentence

In your argument or rhetorical analysis essay, your thesis needs to do two things in order to get the point-what are they?

Be defensible and answer the prompt.

A logical structure with a major and minor premise to reach a conclusion is 

Syllogism 

What are the three different types of thesis statements you can use in an argument essay? Explain each.

Open (broad), Closed (sticks to specific points), Counter (addresses the other side) 

This argument works to accommodate rather than to alienate the opposing audience.

Rogerian Method

“In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.” (hint: using a part of a community to represent the whole) 

Synecdoche

“The nations of Asia and Africa are moving at jet-like speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse-and-buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.” (hint: comparing the clear differences between the nations) 

Juxtaposition 

A famed athlete gives credit to the general health benefits that can be gathered from taking a certain supplement, but does not have medical experience-

Appeal to False Authority

What are all 5 components to the Classical Oration Method (in order)? Please explain each. 

Intro, Narration, Confirmation, Refutation, Conclusion 

A teacher proclaims, “A doughnut a day can’t hurt anyone; I’ve been eating one a day since I was two.” But this claim is too small to claim as true (no justifiable evidence). This is called-

Hasty Generalization 

1. Arguing that something is good or bad/right or wrong-

2. Arguing for a change in a situation, law, etc. 

3. Arguing that something is true or not true-

1. Claim of Value

2. Claim of Policy

3. Claim of Fact

What is quantitative evidence? 

Numerical or statistical information

Oversimplifying an argument to make it seem ridiculous is-

Straw Man Fallacy 

This process of argument starts with a general idea and moves to a specific claim.

Deduction

This process of argument starts with a specific claim(s) and ends with a generalization. 

Induction

This is a fallacy where you begin with what you are trying to end with-

Circular Reasoning 

A fallacy where the speaker compares two objects with no similarities would be-

Faulty Analogy