Smoking - SAE

how does smoking affect the respiratory system?

lung damage - smoking damages cilia that help to clear mucus and debris - leads to chronic bronchitis

emyphsema and COPD - chronic smoking causes the alveoli to lose elasticity

lung cancer - cigarette smoke contain carcinogens

how does smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

nicotine causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased BP and HR

increased risk of MI and stroke due to thrombogenesis

atherosclerosis acceleration due to endothelial dysfunction and increased LDL oxidation

how does smoking affect the digestive system?

increased risk of cancer

weakens oesophogeal sphincter, leading to reflux

slower healing of ulcers and irritates stomach lining

how does smoking impact the immune system?

weakens immune responses leading to increased infection risk

promotes chronic inflammation - damages tissues over time

can worsen autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthiritis

how does smoking affect the reproductive system?

women - disrupts hormone levels, ovulation and increased risk of miscarriage

men - lower sperm count and testosterone levels

pregnancy - causes low birth weight, premature birth and birth defects

how does smoking affect the musculoskeletal system?

reduced bone density - increased risk of osteoporosis

impairs muscle repair and prost injury recovery

weakens tendons resulting in an increased injury risk