eukaryotes

Alveolates

• have alveoli: small sacs below the membrane

• unicellular

• mostly photosynthetic

• acquire plastids via secondary endosymbiosis

• dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

dinoflagellates

• photoautotrophic

• mostly microscopic

• marine

• primary producers

• two flagella

• many are bioluminescent

• ex. Zooxanthellae

apicomplexans

• apical complex: mass of organelles that help the parasite enter the host cell

• pathogenic and always parasitic

• complex life cycle, multiple hosts

• ex. toxoplasmosis

ciliates

• several cilia for motion

• heterotrophs

• complex body forms, two types of nuclei

• ex. paramecium

stramenopiles

• two unequal flagella, the longer one with hairs

• diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes

• unicellular, colonial, or multicellular

• acquire plastid via secondary endosymbiosis