Fall final Marine Biology

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45 Terms

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Hypothesis
A testable explanation for a scientific question.
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Variable
Any factor that can change in an experiment.
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Independent Variable
The factor intentionally changed in an experiment.
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Dependent Variable
The factor measured or observed in an experiment.
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Control Variable
A factor kept the same across all trials.
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Control Group
The baseline group used for comparison.
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Meniscus
The curved upper surface of a liquid used for accurate measurement.
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Meter (m)
Base unit of length in the metric system.
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Gram (g)
Base unit of mass in the metric system.
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Liter (L)
Base unit of volume in the metric system.
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Micrometer (µm)
Unit used to measure very small organisms like cells.
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Milli-
Prefix meaning 1/1000.
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Kilo-
Prefix meaning 1000.
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Metric System
A global measurement system based on powers of 10.
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Cohesion
Water molecules sticking to each other.
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Adhesion
Water molecules sticking to other surfaces.
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Surface Tension
The "skin" on water caused by cohesion.
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Density
How much mass is packed into a given volume.
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Osmosis
Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
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Hypertonic
A solution with more solutes; cells shrink in it.
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Hypotonic
A solution with fewer solutes; cells swell or burst in it.
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pH
A scale measuring acidity or basicity.
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Acid
A substance with high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.
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Salinity
The total amount of dissolved salts in water.
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Frequency
The number of waves passing a point per second.
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Wavelength
The distance between two wave crests.
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Gyre
A large circular ocean current system.
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Upwelling
When deep, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface.
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Density Current
A current formed by sinking dense water and rising light water.
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Coriolis Effect
The apparent curving of moving objects due to Earth's rotation.
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Rogue Wave
A rare, unusually large and unpredictable wave.
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Tides
The rise and fall of ocean levels caused mainly by the moon's gravity.
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Plankton
Drifting organisms carried by currents.
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Phytoplankton
Plant-like plankton that photosynthesize.
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Zooplankton
Animal-like plankton that consume other organisms.
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Holoplankton
Organisms that remain plankton their entire lives.
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Meroplankton
Organisms that are plankton only early in life.
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Nematocyst
A stinging cell in jellyfish used to immobilize prey.
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Gastrovascular Cavity
The central digestive chamber in jellyfish and hydra.
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Photosynthesis
Process using sunlight, water, and CO₂ to make food.
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Submersible
An underwater research vehicle for deep-sea exploration.
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Ballast Tank
A chamber that holds water to control buoyancy.
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Saturation Diving
A method allowing divers to stay deep underwater for long periods.
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Bathysphere
An early steel sphere used for deep-sea exploration.
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Bathyscaphe
A more advanced deep-sea submersible with maneuverability.