ApHuG 2.2

Natural increase rate

the percentage by which a population grows in a year.

Natural

a country’s growth rate excludes migration.

Doubling line

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Crude birth rate

total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Total fertility rate

the number of births in a society

Infant mortality rate

number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births

Crude death rate

total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Demographic transition

a process of change in a society’s population from high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to low crude birth and death rates, a low rate of natural increase, and higher total population.

four-stage demographic transition

two big breaks with the past. The first break with the past—the sudden drop in the death rate that comes from technological innovation—has been accomplished everywhere. The second break—the sudden drop in the birth rate that comes from changing social customs—has yet to be achieved in many countries.