Chemistry Regents Review: Acids, Bases, Salts & Unit 4.4 (week #8)

Electrolyte

a substance that breaks up into charged ions when dissolved in water

Electrolytes will conduct an….

electrical current

higher concentration = more…

electricity

3 types of electrolytes

• acids

• bases

• salts (ionic)

Salts

ionic compound and ionize in a solution

Arrhenius Acid

dissolve (produce) into H+ (hydrogen) or H3O+ (hydronium) as positive ions in solutions

Arrhenius Bases

dissolve (produce) OH- (hydroxide) as a negative ion

Brownsted-Lowry Acid

donates H+ ion

Brownsted Lowry Base

accepts H+ ion

neutral solution (pH 7)

contains hydrogen ions & hydroxide ions in = concentrations

pH

the measure of acidity of a substance or solution

Acidic

(H+ > OH-)

Basic

(H+ < OH-)

to differentiate 2 substances, use an….

indicator that would make them 2 different colors

For pH to lower by 1, there must be a….

tenfold (10x) increases in hydronium (H+) gas

For pH to raise by 1, there must be a…

tenfold decrease in hydroxide (OH-) ions

Neutralization

to make a solution neutral

• acid + base → salt + water

Titration

solution of known concentration used to determine concentration of another

Hydrogen ions is referered to as a ________ b/c ion loses 1 e-

proton

Bronstead-Lowry Acid/Base Example

Conjugate Acid & Base Pairs

when an acid and base are related by the lose or gain of a single H+

Amphoteric

substance that can act as both an acid and a base

Amphoteric Example

H2O