Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives: General Exam Questions

- Acid Anhydride + Alcohol → Ester + Carboxylic Acid

• Triglyceride + 3NaOH → Glycerol + 3 Sodium Carboxylate

• For saponification questions, remember it always reacts with 3NaOH,Glycerol stays the exact same, and the Carboxylate ions are of the longest of each chain (e.g.C₁₇H₃₃) but with an addition COONa

• Biodiesels are the same but the Na switched for CH₃

(methyl ester)

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination

• Cyclic compounds with OH react with themselves to form the compound, as shown here

Ester + H₂O → Fatty Acid(Carboxylic Acid,RCOOH) + Glycerol(CH₂OHCHOHCH₂OH)

b)Keeping the foodstuff dry

• Anti-oxidants react with the free radicals, and are used up in the reaction, hence not being regenerated.

Titration Question

-Write out Equation in regards to NaOH, if not, usually a 1:1 MR

-Work backwards, always use ALL data provided