WEEK 1 PHYSIO

What is rehabilitation according to WHO?

A set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment.

What is neurological rehabilitation?

Enabling individuals with brain lesions to regain optimal motor performance for independence in daily life.

What are the main steps in clinical reasoning for neuro rehab?

Assessment → Interpretation → Implementation → Evaluation/Review.

What does subjective assessment in neuro rehab involve?

Chart review, team liaison, and interviewing the patient and family.

What does objective assessment include in neuro rehab?

Identifying impairments, functional restrictions, and using outcome measures.

What are the 10 guiding principles of neurological rehab?

ICF, Teamwork, Patient-centred care, Prediction, Neuroplasticity, Systems model of motor control, Functional movement re-education, Skill acquisition, Self-management, Health promotion.

What is the role of the ICF in neurological rehab?

It provides a framework to identify impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

Why is teamwork critical in neuro rehab?

It requires collaboration between patients, carers, and healthcare providers.

Define patient-centred care.

Care that empowers patients and carers to manage health through knowledge, skills, and confidence.

What is the role of prediction in neurological rehab?

Helps set realistic expectations about recovery, using clinical indicators.

Define neural plasticity.

The brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt functionally or structurally in response to learning or injury.

What does the systems model of motor control propose?

Motor control is dynamic, depending on interactions between person, task, and environment.

What is the goal of functional movement re-education?

To help patients relearn effective movement despite neurological impairments.

What are the three phases of motor skill acquisition?

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous.

Define self-management in rehabilitation.

Patient education to manage their condition independently.

What is the aim of health promotion in neuro rehab?

Prevent secondary complications and promote physical activity.

How does hope influence rehabilitation?

Acts as a motivator and supports perseverance, adjustment, and goal-setting.

Which part of the brain is Brodmann Area 4?

Primary motor cortex.

What is the function of Brodmann Areas 1, 2, and 3?

Primary somatosensory cortex – body sense perception.

What do Brodmann Areas 5 and 7 represent?

Secondary somatosensory cortex – tactile and spatial memory.

What is stereognosis?

Identifying objects through touch without visual input.

What is astereognosis?

Inability to recognize objects by touch despite intact sensation.

Which area is responsible for motor speech?

Brodmann Area 44 (Broca’s area).

Which cortical areas are responsible for motor planning?

Premotor cortex (Area 6) and supplementary motor area.

What does the primary motor cortex control?

Voluntary, skilled movement via corticospinal tract.

What is paresis?

Partial loss of voluntary movement.

What is plegia?

Complete paralysis/loss of voluntary movement.

Which part of the cortex is involved in analyzing visual motion and fixation?

Secondary visual cortex.

What is agnosia?

Inability to recognize objects or sounds despite normal sensory function.

What is akinetopsia?

Motion blindness – inability to perceive motion.

How does the primary auditory cortex function?

Discriminates pitch and loudness of sounds.

Which area classifies sound?

Secondary auditory cortex.

What’s the clinical significance of cortical maps?

They can be altered through therapy, learning, and injury.

Why are hands, lips, and tongue large in the motor homunculus?

They require precise, complex motor control.

Why is knowing normal brain function crucial in neuro physio?

It helps understand deficits and plan effective rehab interventions.

What is the key difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and integration. The PNS includes cranial and spinal nerves and connects the CNS to limbs and organs, enabling communication.