Existentialist Terms

Existence precedes Essence

A concept suggesting that an individual's existence is fundamental and defines their essence or purpose.

Materialism

A philosophy that prioritizes material reality over immaterial or spiritual concepts.

The Absurd

The unavoidable tension between the human desire for meaning and the indifferent, meaningless nature of the universe.

Facticity

Aspects of human existence that are given and unchangeable, such as birthplace and past choices.

Freedom

The capacity of individuals to choose and create meaning in their lives despite limitations.

Angst

A feeling of anxiety or dread arising from the uncertainty and ambiguity of existence.

Living authentically

Acting in accordance with one's own values and freedom rather than succumbing to societal pressures.

Acceptance of the Absurd

The recognition and acceptance of life's inherent meaninglessness while continuing to live fully.

Solipsism

A philosophical idea suggesting that only one's own mind is sure to exist, leading to a separation from societal norms.

Despair

The recognition of the limits of one's control over life and the failure of external sources to provide meaning.

Sisyphus and his rock

A metaphor for finding joy and meaning in one's struggles despite the absurdity of life.

Kierkegaard's 'Dizziness of Freedom'

The feeling of overwhelming anxiety faced when realizing one is radically free to make choices.

Nietzsche

A philosopher who is often associated with the idea of the individual's need to evolve philosophically in a meaningless world.

Acceptance vs. Rejection

The idea that accepting one's circumstances leads to authentic living, while rejecting them can cause self-deception.

Radical freedom

The notion that individuals are free to make choices and create their own paths in life.

Plato's Forms

Abstract representations of the most perfect and fundamental truths, essential to understanding reality.

The Other and the Look

A concept discussing the relationship between self and others, where 'the look' signifies how one's existence is validated or challenged by the gaze of others.

Nihilism

A philosophical viewpoint that denies or suggests the negation of meaningful aspects of life, implying that life lacks inherent meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value.

Biological Determinism

The belief that biological factors such as genetics and physiology determine human behavior and limits free will.

Scientific Materialism

The viewpoint that the only reality is that which can be scientifically measured or observed, rejecting the existence of metaphysical or spiritual phenomena.

Humanism

A non-theistic view centered on human agency, emphasizing reliance on science and reason rather than supernatural revelation to understand the world.

Existentialism

A philosophical movement focusing on individual existence, freedom, and choice