Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance II

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to chromosomal inheritance and genetic disorders.

Linkage Map

A diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome.

Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Research studies that compare DNA from many patients to identify genetic differences related to phenotypic differences.

Aneuploidy

A condition where the number of chromosomes is not an exact multiple of the haploid number, resulting in monosomic (2n-1) or trisomic (2n+1) individuals.

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21, leading to various developmental and physical challenges.

Maternal and Paternal Alleles

The genetic contributions from the mother and father, respectively; can show different expressions through genomic imprinting.

Nondisjunction

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Polyploidy

A condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, often found in plants.

Recombination Frequency

The percentage of recombinant offspring produced in a genetics cross; used to determine the genetic distance between genes.

Genetically Linked Genes

Genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Chromosome Structure Alterations

Changes in the structure of chromosomes including deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.