IUPAC Naming Rules

(1) + comes first, - second

• metal atom comes first, non-metal second

• 2nd element will have greater En

• can assume that first element is positive

In NaCl, is Na positive or negative, why?

Na is positive because of the (1) rule that + comes first, - comes next

(2) atoms in a compound balance out to equal 0

• becomes electrically neutral

In H2O, what is the charge of H? Why?

Charge of H = +1

Rule used = (2), compounds become electrically neutral

(3) -ide as a suffix

• for all binary formulas

• shows that the element with -ide is not a polyatomic ion

What is NaCl in words?

"Sodium chloride”, rule (3) that -ide means its a binary formula with chloride being by itself

(4) H⁺¹ and O^-2, exceptions

• H can be -1

  • only when it’s the last element

  • hydrides form with 1A metals

• O can be -1

  • peroxides form with 1A elements

What’s NaH in words? Why?

Sodium hydride because (4) that H can be -1 and Na is a 1A metal so it becomes a hydride

What’s H₂O₂ in words?

hydrogen peroxide b/c (4) states that O can be -1 when put with a 1A metal, meaning it is now called a peroxide

Difference between oxide and peroxide

Oxide - Charge of O is -2

Peroxide - Charge of O is -1

(5) 2-to-2s

Peroxides only form in 2-to-2s and with 1A elements

How many of each atom must there be for NaO to create sodium peroxide?

Na₂O₂ because (5) says that peroxides only form in 2-to-2s

(6) Transition metals, d-block

for the most part divalent or polyvalent

Is Fe more stable as Fe(II) or Fe(III)

Fe(III) because it loses a d-block electron, resulting in one electron in each d-block orbital

Possible charges for Iron

Ferrous - Fe⁺²

Ferric - Fe⁺³

Possible charges for Copper

Cuprous - Cu⁺¹

Cupric - Cu⁺²

Possible charges for tin?

Stannous - Sn⁺²

Stannic - Sn⁺⁴

Possible charges for lead

Plumbous - Pb⁺²

Plumbic - Pb⁺⁴

Possible charges for mercury

Mercurous - Hg⁺¹

Mercurous - Hg⁺²

Possible charges for silver

monovalent

Ag⁺

Possible charges for Zinc

monovalent

Zn⁺²

(7) CSPN

if a formula begins with Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus, or Nitrogen, use:

mono - one

di - two

tri - three

tetra - four

penta - five

hexa - six

hepta - seven

octa - eight

nona - nine

dec - ten

What’s PCl₅ in words? Why?

PCl₅ = “phosphorus pentachloride”

Rule = (7) Starts with phosphorus

(8) Polyatomic ions

Groups of atoms that form an ion of a charge

No matter what, charge stays the same

ex) SO₄ - sulfate (-2)

Per____ate - SO₅

-ate - SO₄

-ite - SO₃

hypo___ite - SO₂

KNOW THE -ATES!

1. Chlorate

2. Nitrate

3. Sulfate

4. Phosphate

5. Carbonate

6. Bromate

7. Iodate

8. Acetate

9. Cyanide

10. Chromate

11. DiChromate

12. Bicarbonate

1. ClO₃ (-1)

2. NO₃ (-1)

3. SO₄ (-2)

4. PO₄ (-3)

5. CO₃ (-2)

6. BrO₃ (-1)

7. IO₃ (-1)

8. C₂H₃O₂ (-1)

9. CN (-1)

10. CrO₄ (-2)

11. Cr₂O₇ (-2)

12. HCO₃ (-1)

(9) ‘bi’ rule, -H-

When hydrogen is sandwiched. the middle, you can replace it with “bi”

What is NaHCO₃ in words? Why?

sodium bicarbonate b/c (9) states that if a H is sandwiched in the middle, it can be replaced with ‘bi’

(10) Acids

All acids start with hydrogen, H-

binary acid - 2 elements

• hydro_____ic acid

tertiary acid - more than 2 elements

• _(polyatomic)_(-ic or -ous) acids

Mnemonic device for (10)

if you ate it, it will make you sick, but if you didn’t, you mite still feel nauseous

What is H₂S in words? Why?

hydrosulfuric acid

rule (10) states that binary acids are formulas that have two elements and start with Hydrogen

What is HNO in words? Why?

Hyponitrous acid

rule (10) states that if the polyatomic ion ends in -ite, it must be changed into an -ous

How to identify valence electrons for a certain element in a formula

Undo diagonal rule:

FeCl₃ → Fe⁺³Cl₃ → Charge of Fe is +3

What is the charge of N in KNO₃?

+5 because K⁺¹ and O^-2 (3) is equal to -5, so to remain electrically neutral → K must be 5