Renaissance

all (i believe)

what is humanism

idea that life on earth could actually be enjoyed, notion of ideal forms

what did rich families do in italy and name one

one i sthe Medici family, they had losts of money that they gave to St. Peter’s Basilica for construction

why did so many families give churches money

they said that a way to repent from sin was through Indulgences (paying them) this later led to Luthers Reformation in 1517

What began to be presisit in the music that was not previous there

rhythm

What mindset did they shift to

they began to shift to a humanism mindset and looking at ancient greek shifting to a focus on humans and began to decided that life could actually be enjoyed (mainly because of the black pleague they thought its no longer worth being so church focused and began to be more human)

What was the time period of renaissance

1400 to 1600

what was new around 1400

hundre years war - duke of bedford employs musicians (like Dunstabple)

Papal’s Schism (settled in 114 -1418 by the counsil of constance)

humanism

printing press (1450, gutenbergs bibile) it allowed broadcasting of ideas

music pringin in venic (1501) by petrucci

Protestant reformation (beg in 1517)

who began to print music

Music printing in venic (1501) by petrucci

What was the new interst of music in early renaissance

Contenance angloise (english style) adopted by the Burgundians w

what did contenance angloise emphaisized

thirds and sizths were emphasized as consonances , which was not the case before.

triadic sonoriteis

strict control of dissonacne

what are triadic sonorities

chord built from three notes stacked in thirds (a root, a third, and a fifth), forming the basic harmonic unit in tonal music.

who was important in contenance angloise

John Dunstable who wrote Quam Pulchra est, motet that is very diff from the medieval motet

Were women allowed to sing in the churhc

nope they werent allowed to sing until 18 centurty

What replaced womens voice in the choir

young boys

Were musician important to royal courts

yes, they even began to compete for best musicians, there were even 60 musicians emplyed at one court includuing women singers

what characteristic that is becoming more importatn in music that was stricly avoided in the past

there began to be an introduction of emotion into music

what is the issue with young boys being the sopranos

they grew up fast and had to relearn how to sing the tenor or bass parts, and this was okay with the music not being too complex; however as music began to become more complex they had to learn the skills in a quick manner and it began to be pointless

what instruments were in the army

brass and drums

What insturment did you play if you were noble

according to the book of the courtier, noble people played strins becs wind insturments messed up your face when you played and they didnt want to be ugly when they played

What were chracteristics of renaissance motet

homphonic setting (melody and harmony)

one text in all parts (no more polytext)

Latin

no dissonance

mostly sacred

paralled 6 chord = style of music called fauxbordon at that time) style of burgduny characterized by first inversion triads

seamless polyphony

the very consonant style (panconsonant) dissonances only on offbeat and resovling quickly

and from late ren then: triadic cadences, 6 voices (sopran, alto, 2 tenors and 2 bases)

still left to right writign, composers still thinking abt intervals not chord

imitation ( the lines would get repeated after like a second)

Who was Josquin des prez

composed abt 18 masses

75 motets, and 58 secular works

considered the greates o hi stime by his contemporary

what important thing did josquin des prez

he was the first composer having his music publushed in a series of prints

he was not bound by notes

what. didmartin luther say abt josquin des prez

“he is the maser of notes. They must do as he wills, as for the other compoesr they have to do as the notes will.”

text painting / word painting

a musical technique where the composition, melody, or rhythm directly mimics the literal meaning or emotion of the lyrics

what song is an ample example of text painting

el grillo

what is an example of imitation

ave maria virgo serena by josquiun des prez

what is Miserere mei, Deus

("Have mercy on me, O God") is a famous 17th-century choral setting of Psalm 51 by Gregorio Allegri

who was martin luther

augustinian monk

professor theology at the Uni of wittenberg

devout catholic

the 95 theses

published by Luther in oct 31 1517 on the door of the uni of wittenberg that contained ideas disseminated widely by the invention of the printing press criticizing the catholic church

what was in the 95 theses

no more selling of indulgences

no selling of church service or offices

no excessive veneration of the saints

fewer relgious holidays to iterrupt commerce

bible: only source of relgious truth

no longer insisting on celibare priest

no more monks and nuns in monastery and convents

w

why were priest made to be celibate

they were made celibate because they wanted all the priest to be owned by the chruch and not be able to give theiry money to his family

what were the principles of lutheranism

faith - salvation

priest hood of all believr, responsible for reading, interpreting and teaching the bible

less focus on ritual, less standerization (vs former the ordinary (KGCSA mass format)

congregational participation

how did particiaatpino change inprotest (luterism)

congretional participation by using chorales to allow all memebrs to singw

what are chorales

these were monphonic melody, designed for the average person tosing and in a range of an octanve, it was in bar form (aab)]

what was the language used for chorales

venacular - the native language

what is the lutheran anthem

Ein Feste Burg ist unser Gott ( a might fortress is our god) - in the lyrics ther is die alte bose feind (the old evil enemy) was a clear reference to the catholic church

who was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

worked for the church and wrote 104 masses and about 450 other sacred works

what important work did Palestrina do

his music was affected by the counter reforamation, council of trent, essentially the composer for the counter reformer

what were the counterreformesrs scared of

they were scred that this polyphonic music was the cause of this refomrmation and so they wanted to go back to the pure form (gregorian chant) and claimed it was to much noise, instruments, and theatrical singing.

they critized the secular tunes and claimed music was meant to inspire religious contemplation

how did giovanni pierluigi de palestrina save polyphony

he save it with the mass he composed for Pope Marcellus

what was the mass for pope mareceullus like

it was an a-cappela choir with 6 voices, sopran, alto 2 tenors, and 2 bases

included:

imitation, blending,polyphony,calm, fuler sounds

what was the one part of the mass we listened to

kyrie (the greek ordinary)

who created the dot and time signatures

phillipe de virty

what was the equation for 13th centruy motet

preexitinsg gregorian chant + txt + rhythm =

What all did Guido D’Arezzo invent

4 line, hand, solfegrio

Did pope gregory make gregorian chant

nope, simply names after him and we are not sure who invented it

Did they write instruments

yes, but only melody no assignment to what speciific insturment

what are characteristics of the counterreform music

meditation like, focus on religion, but still polyphony

what is Pan-consonance (or pan-consonant style)

is a music theory term referring to a 15th-century stylistic shift, primarily in Renaissance polyphony, characterized by a heavy reliance on "imperfect" consonances—thirds and sixths—rather than the older tradition of open fifths and fourths

who brought triads

dunstable did and with so bringing emotioins

Who explored expressing extreme emotions through music

Carlos Gesualdo

who was giovanni gabrielli

italian, church based, active in the catherdral in venic used the symmetric of the churhc and boruh polychoral into the church by havng foru diff choirs in each side

what is polychoral

a musical style featuring multiple, often spatially separated choirs or musical groups that perform in alternating (antiphonal) fashion, sometimes merging for a fuller sound

what are the most popular instruments

harpsichord

who introduced dynamics

galileo gailiei

what does sonata pian e forte mean

means sound quite and loud: sonata was for instruments, .

it is a pioneering instrumental work by Giovanni Gabrieli. it is one fo the first pieces to specify instrumentation and include written dynamic markings

he had the 8 instruments 2 per choir and was design for st marks basilica

what was the cathedral that giovanni worker at

he composed polychoral music for st marks basilica cathedral

who was john dowland

he was the shakespeare of songs, composer poet and lutensit,

he started the english melancholy and moping soppiness sells, or maybe it is the weather. he is a fool who is not melancholy once a day

what did flow my tears introduce

intense emotinal expression (elizabethan melancholy) and populaized lute songe and solo

who was thomas weelkes

enlish, active uring the queen elizabeth 1 reign and one of the most prolific and known composer

he had permission to be the only two to publish music in england by permsission of the queen

what are madrigal

a secular vocal music composition - its secular music : non religious perfomred w/out instrumnet.

based on poetry and they were acappelll and in polyphonic texture

what is the most famouse madrigal

“ as vesta was descending” from the triumph of oriana

it was written for elizabeth 1st (oriana)

text painting

who introduced madrigals

thomas weelkes

what did tellis do

he wrote a 40 voice polychoral

who was carlo gesualdo

italian, prince of venosa, wrote madrigals and sacred music . highly chromatic music he is the emo guy

explain Gesualdo's emotional baggage

he was tortued by guilt for the remainder of his lide and he may have given expression to it in his music. his wife cheated and so he kileld the both 50 times

what emotions did gesualdo write

One of the most obvious characteristics of his music is the extravagant text setting of words representing extremes of emotion: "love", "pain", "death", "ecstasy", "agony" and other similar words occur frequently in his madrigal texts, most of which he probably wrote himself

• he reached extreme development of text painting with his music