tripartite view

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23 Terms

1

essence

something that makes something what it is

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2

types of knowledge

practical, knowledge by acquaintance, propositional

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3

practical knowledge

knowing how

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4

knowledge by acquaintance

knowing of something through somebody else

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5

propositional knowledge

knowing that something is the case (factual)

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6

tripartite of knowledge

knowledge is considered true if it is a justified, true belief

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7

zagzebski’s pitfalls for defining

circular, obscure, negative, ad hoc(specific)

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8

real essence

a real cause that makes something the way that it is

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9

zagzebski’s view on knowledge

  • unsure if it has a real essence as term varies historically

  • knowledge should be treated like it has a real essence so a real definition should be found

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10

proposition

what a statement says about the world

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11

belief

a thought about the world

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12

fact

something that is the case about the world

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13

sufficient conditions

  • not all conditions have to be met for statement to be true

  • will always have the thing despite other facts

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14

necessary conditions

  • thing is needed for statement to be true

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15

Gettier cases

cases in which JTB doesn’t equate to knowledge e.g Smith and Jones

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16

responses to issues with the tripartite view

  • reliabilism

  • no false lemmas

  • virtue epistemology

  • infallibalism

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17

reliabilism

we should seek our knowledge through a reliable source

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18

no false lemmas

if someone has strong justification for their belief but it was based on a false lemma and happens to be true, it is not knowledge

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19

virtue epistemology

JTB is qualified as knowledge because the person holding it has intellectual virtue

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20

infallibalism

the justification for a true belief is so strong that it cannot be rationally doubted

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21

issues with tripartite view

  • is belief necessary for knowledge?

  • can you have knowledge without truth?

  • can you have knowledge without evidence?

  • are the JTB conditions jointly sufficient?

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22

Smith and Jones case- Gettier

  • Smith and Jones are interviewing for the same job

  • Smith hears the interviewer say that Jones will get the job and notices that Jones has 10 gold coins in his pocket

  • Smith forms the belief that the person who gets the job will have 10 gold coins in their pocket

  • Smith ends up getting the job and realises that he also has 10 coins by coincidence

  • Smith’s JTB didn’t equate to knowledge and he was correct by luck

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23

Fake barn county case

  • in “fake barn county” the locals make fake barns that look real

  • Henry is driving through fake barn county unaware of this, and thinks “that’s a barn” when he sees one of the fake barns, in this case his belief isn’t knowledge

  • on one occasion, Henry looks at the one real barn and thinks “that’s a barn”, so his JTB becomes knowledge

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