BOTANY VOCAB Chapter 18-19: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Gymnosperms

A group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers and cycads, characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.

Ovule

Structure that develops into a seed.

Seed

A matured ovule containing an embryo.

Integuments

Additional layers of tissue surrounding megaspores; develop into a seed coat.

Micropyle

Opening of megasporangium to allow sperm in.

Bifacial vascular cambium

Produces secondary xylem (internal) and secondary phloem (external).

Pollen grain

Partly developed microgametophyte transferred bodily.

Pollen tube

Tubular outgrowth produced by endosporic microgametophyte.

Polyembrony

Condition where several eggs in a megagametophyte are fertilized at the same time.

Inflorescences

Flower clusters.

Peduncle

Stalk of an inflorescence or solitary flower.

Receptacle

Part of the flower stalk where the flower parts are attached.

Calyx

Collective term for sepals.

Corolla

Collective term for petals.

Androecium

Collective term for stamens.

Gynoecium

Collective term for carpels.

Stigma

Upper part of the carpel that receives the pollen.

Locules

Chambers of the ovary, usually partitioned in two or more in fused carpels.

Placenta

Portion of the ovary where ovules originate and remain attached until maturity.

Perfect flower

A flower that has both stamens and carpels.

Imperfect flower

A flower missing either stamens or carpels.

Dioecious plants

Plants that have staminate and carpellate flowers found on different individuals.

Connation

Floral parts united with other members of the same whorl.

Epigynous

Condition where perianth arises from the top of the ovary.

Double fertilization

A process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fertilizes the polar nuclei.

Endosperm

Nutritive product formed by the second sperm fertilizing polar nuclei, characteristic of angiosperms.

Pericarp

Ovary wall; thickens and becomes differentiated into distinct layers.

Microsporogenesis

Formation of microspores within microsporangia.