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A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
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Gymnosperms
A group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers and cycads, characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.
Ovule
Structure that develops into a seed.
Seed
A matured ovule containing an embryo.
Integuments
Additional layers of tissue surrounding megaspores; develop into a seed coat.
Micropyle
Opening of megasporangium to allow sperm in.
Bifacial vascular cambium
Produces secondary xylem (internal) and secondary phloem (external).
Pollen grain
Partly developed microgametophyte transferred bodily.
Pollen tube
Tubular outgrowth produced by endosporic microgametophyte.
Polyembrony
Condition where several eggs in a megagametophyte are fertilized at the same time.
Inflorescences
Flower clusters.
Peduncle
Stalk of an inflorescence or solitary flower.
Receptacle
Part of the flower stalk where the flower parts are attached.
Calyx
Collective term for sepals.
Corolla
Collective term for petals.
Androecium
Collective term for stamens.
Gynoecium
Collective term for carpels.
Stigma
Upper part of the carpel that receives the pollen.
Locules
Chambers of the ovary, usually partitioned in two or more in fused carpels.
Placenta
Portion of the ovary where ovules originate and remain attached until maturity.
Perfect flower
A flower that has both stamens and carpels.
Imperfect flower
A flower missing either stamens or carpels.
Dioecious plants
Plants that have staminate and carpellate flowers found on different individuals.
Connation
Floral parts united with other members of the same whorl.
Epigynous
Condition where perianth arises from the top of the ovary.
Double fertilization
A process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fertilizes the polar nuclei.
Endosperm
Nutritive product formed by the second sperm fertilizing polar nuclei, characteristic of angiosperms.
Pericarp
Ovary wall; thickens and becomes differentiated into distinct layers.
Microsporogenesis
Formation of microspores within microsporangia.