Biology Part B Whole Set

Biology

Mutation

A permanent change in the DNA of an organism

Mutagen

An agent that causes a mutation

Variation

The differences that exist between individuals or populations of species

Human Genome

An international project that aims to identify all the human genes and determine the sequence of the base pairs that make up chromosomes

Recombinant DNA Technology

Procedures used to produce DNA that has been modified by inserting DNA into a cell from a different organism

Evolution

Change in the characteristics of a species over many generations

Natural Selection

The process in which an environmental factor acts on a population and results in some organisms having more offspring that survive to reproduce than others

Variation

Differences in characteristics due to different genes

Selective Agent

An environmental factor that acts on a population during natural selection

Biodiversity

The number and range of species that exist on Earth or in an ecosystem

Artificial Selection

The process by which people choose to breed particular organisms with desirable features; also known as selective breeding

Fossil

Evidence of, or remains of, an organism that lived long time ago

Fossil Record

A list showing the classification of all the species on Earth that have been found as fossils

Species

A group of similar individuals that can interbreed in natural conditions to produce fertile offspring

Speciation

The process by which one species splits into two or more separate species

Alleles

Alternate forms of genes

Dominant

The allele that gets expressed even in heterozygous condition

Genetics

Study of genes and inheritance

Genetic Engineering

Manipulation of genetic information using modern technology and human intervention

Genotype

The combination of alleles per trait

Heterozygous

Different forms of alleles for traits in an organism

Homozygous

Same form of alleles for traits in an organism

Incomplete dominance

Not completely dominant or recessive; expressed as a gradient phenotype

Karyotype

Chromosomes arranged according to size and band patterns

Monohybrid Cross

Cross between two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait. I.e. The cross between two monohybrid traits (TT and tt)

Mutation

Permanent change in the genetic information

Pedigree

A diagrammatic representation of lineage and individual descent

Phenotype

Physical representation of the allelic combination

Recessive

The allele that can be expressed only when homozygous

Sex Linkage

Genes present on the sex chromosomes, hence, inheritance pattern linked with them