BME:2500 Quiz 2

What are the 4 functions of the Cardiovascular system

Delivery
Immunity
Wound Healing
Temperature Control

What are the 5 major components of the Cardiovascular system

Heart
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules, Veins

List how blood circulates through the body

Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta - Body Tissue - Vena Cava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Arteries

What are challenges associated with VADs and other Implantable Cardiovascular Devices

• Blood compatibility

• Blood velocity is highest in heart

• Pump exerts large force on blood

• Device requires external power

• Infection

• Ability to respond to physiologic, environmental, and hormonal changes

• Health of recipients is very poor

What are common cardiovascular diseases (pump/vessels)

Afflicting the pump

• Cardiac myopathy

• Congenital heart disease

• Valvular diseases

Afflicting the vessels

• Hypertension (chronic high blood pressure)

• Atherosclerosis

• Aneurysms

• Thrombosis

Define Fluid Dynamics, and Fluid Statics

Fluid Dynamics: Studies the effects of forces on fluid motions
Fluid Statics (hydrostatics): Studies force and pressures of fluids at rest

5 major parts of a heart

1. Fibrous Skeleton

2. Four valves

3. Two ventricles

4. Two atria

5. Two major arteries

Define the Fibrous Skeleton

Fibrous Skeleton, that offers structural rigidity and support and electrical insulation

Name the four Valves

Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic, and Pulmonary

Name two ventricles

Right ventricle - deoxygenated blood to lungs - less thick

Left ventricle - oxygenated blood to body - thicker

Name two atria

Right atria - Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps into right ventricle

Left atria - Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle

Name the two major arteries

Aorta Artery

Pulmonary Artery

Name the 11 main structures of the heart

Define Cardiomyocytes

Branches, Single nucleus, attached to each other by specialized gap junctions - intercalated discs

Where is the Sinoatrial node (SA) located

Embedded in the right atrial wall near the superior vena cava

Where is the Atrioventricular node (AV) located

Wiggers Diagram
Isovolumetric contraction

Ejection

Isovolumetric relaxation

Ventricle refilling

Phases of Cardiac Cycle - Study

Ventricular Performance Measures - Study 1

Ventricular Performance Measures - Study 2

Ventricular Performance Measures - Study 3

Left Atrial Pressure (LAP)

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Pulse Pressure (PP)

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Ventricular Performance Measures - Study 4

Ventricular Performance Measure - Study 5

Ventricular Performance Measures - Study 6

End Systolic Volume (ESV)

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Stroke Volume (SV)

Cardiac Output (CO)

Cardiac Index (CI)