perdev

Understanding Oneself

- the first key to knowing oneself is to have a clear grasp of what your personality is.
- it consist of physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual make up.
- one’s pattern of thought, feelings and behavior determines the personality to a certain extent.
- throughout one’s lifetime, however, personality may change.

Appreciating Values

- pertain to moral codes, norms of conduct, and ethical principle of a person that guides individual to the day to day life.
- play a big role in social relations, decision-making, problem solving, career choice and etc.
- actions of an individual is based on one’s values and beliefs.

Knowing the Body and Physical Attributes

- focus on physical body that is tangible proof a person’s existence.
- about feel of sensations such as pain, pleasure warmth and fatigue.
- aware of his/her breathing, movements, abilities, and other aspect of the body.
- physical attributes differ maybe due to genetics, age, lifestyle, ailments or personal enhancement.

Recognizing Dreams and Aspirations

- another way to know yourself better is to recognize your dream’s and aspirations.
- pave the way for a life worth living.
- constitute to a person’s goal and ambitions in life that he/she desires to become someday.

Identifying Likes and Dislikes

- to have a better understanding of yourself you should know what are the things that you like and not.
- being able to identify your likes and dislikes enables you to define your personality.

Enhancing the Past

- another way to know yourself better is by knowing and treasuring the past.
- reminiscing the past is important how a person sees the past and draws inspiration from it to continue on with his/her life.

Understanding Self-Perceptions and Other’s Perceptions

- knowledge of the self is a product of one’s own perception, view oneself in relation to other people’s perception.

Self-Concept

Self-Concept is ones abstract and general idea about him/herself particularly toward his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point of views, and behaviors.

Rene Descartes

The Father of Modern Philosophy

States that the mind is the seat of consciousness

The Mind is The Seat of Consciousness

This means that it is in the mind that we know everything about ourselves like our identity. passion, interest, feelings, and/or intellect, thus everything that we are comes from the mind.

3 Aspects of Self-Concept Theory

Self-Concept is learned
Self-Concept organized
Self-Concept dynamic

Named by Sincero

3 Aspects of Self-Concept Theory: learned, dynamic, and organized.

Self-Concept is Learned

This explains that no individual is born with self-concept. A person will soon develop this as he/she grows old. This means that self-concept can only be acquired as soon as the person learns how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by the person’s environment and can be a product of the person’s socialization.

Self-Concept is Organized

This stresses out that one’s perception towards himself/herself is firm. This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding himself/herself is always the right one. Change on one’s perceptions towards himself/herself, however, may be possible but it takes time.

Self-Concept is Dynamic

As an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. A person will respond to the scenario based on his/her own insights and how she/he perceives himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-concept undergoes development as the person goes through different experiences.

Sigmund Freud

Well-known psychologist, neurologist and the creator of ‘Psychoanalysis Theory’ and the father of psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three components of personality within us: the Id, Ego, and Superego that certainly play a vital role of how we think ourselves.

The Id (Instincts)

Freud explained that man’s personality is driven by pleasure principle. This means that the nature of Id is to satisfy man’s desire without thinking much of the situation. This nature is being developed at a young age or present from birth.

The Ego (Reality)

This is the second component of the personality that is developed at approximately the age of three. This operates to reality which makes it possible for the Id to work in a more proper and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more socially accepted that means of getting the desires and wants of a person without getting to hurt other’s feelings. In other words, it is the job of the ego to provide a man some guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure.

This component of our personality is manifested whenever we try to satisfy our cravings without compromising our self-image to others.

The Superego (Morality)

Freud believed that this aspect of man begins to manifest as a child turns five. This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment.

Self-Development

As an adolescent, it is undeniable that during this year, you find it most important to know yourselves deeper. You most of the time find yourself asking ‘what do you really want’ or ‘why do you really like doing these things or being with these people’.

You may find it queer that you are starting to ask yourself questions, but you have got to understand that you are not the only person who experienced it. In other words, what you are expecting is just normal. Now that you are in your middle or late adolescence we can say that you may have discovered changes on your life, or in your behavior or attitude that compel you to discover more.

Self-Development

Self-development is a process of discovering oneself by realizing one’s potentials and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental factors. Along this realization, an individual encounters gradual changes deep within him/her that may help him/her overcome unacceptable practices or traits which lead him towards positive change for his growth or self-fulfillment. It is also called personal development.

Ancient Greek, Socrates

An unexamined life is not worth living

An unexamined life, for a human, is not worth living

“the unexamined life” means people have no question, they never question the life, and they don't want to know about the truth, and they don't know who they are.

Self-Concept

The ideal self and actual self  yourself are  two broad categories of self concept. Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself.

Ideal Self

is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that some worldy figure.

Actual Self

however, is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has characteristics/traits/social role. This is built on self-knowledge.

Self-Knowledge

is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you.

Actual Self

is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the actual self is our self-image.

Ideal Self

is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest.

Erik Erikson

According to him, adolescence stage of Psychosocial development, also known as "identity vs. role confusion" is the stage wherein teens need to develop the sense of self and personal identity. At this point, teenagers start to have circle of friends in which they build their trust.

Carl Rogers

The one who introduced ‘Self-Concept’, a Humanistic Psychologist.

identity vs role confusion

According to Erik Erikson, adolescence stage of Psychosocial development, also known as "____________________" is the stage wherein teens need to develop the sense of self and personal identity. At this point, teenagers start to have circle of friends in which they build their trust.

theory of mind

Teenagers also experience adolescence cognitive empathy, known as "_________," which is described as having high regards toward the perspective of others and feeling concern for others. Being adolescents, they tend to foster social cooperation that prevents problems and leads to avoidance of conflicts with peers. Teenagers are very careful in understanding the emotions of their friends as they start to create deep trust with them.

abuse of prohibited drugs, pre-marital sex, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake

Sometimes, this leads to a misunderstanding with their family, ________________________________________. Based on research, teenagers are commonly high risk-takers and impulsive due to incomplete development of frontal lobe during adolescence

frontal lobe

Sometimes, this leads to a misunderstanding with their family, abuse of prohibited drugs, pre-marital sex, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake. Based on research, teenagers are commonly high risk-takers and impulsive due to incomplete development of _________ during adolescence

Thoughts

are impressions activated by a stimulus in your mind that is evident from the environment that you are in. This conscious thought occupies emotions that give life to thoughts and it is expressed through feelings. Sometimes when you are too emotional, you cannot think properly because your emotions occupy your thoughts, this means there is less space to analyze the situation because feelings occupy it. Behaviors are bodily reactions made based on our feelings that result in actions

thoughts, feelings, and actions

You cannot escape life challenges so you should know how your _________, _________, and ___________ in managing personal agency should be handled. Being an adolescent, you should be accountable for all your actions because these power triads can either make or break your motivation to take charge of life. It is up to you on how you will handle it. Remember, your judgment is based on your views in life, and it is rooted in your upbringing.

Physical, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive/Mental

Four (4) Aspects of Development

Adolescence

is the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood. During the puberty stage, there are changes that occur in the body of a child. It is a natural process that everyone goes through. Remember when you started to notice the rapid changes in your body? This mostly resulted in your being self-consciousness and being overly emotional. Sometimes, you would want to be accepted and be "in", but at times, you would want to be just left alone. These adjustments are part of developmental changes during adolescence stage the time when a child transitions in terms of physiology and cognition to fulfill a new role as an emerging adult.

Adolescence

is a stage in a young person's life in which they move from dependency on their parents to independence, autonomy, and maturity. The young person begins to move from the family as their major social system to his/her peers as a more appealing social group that might influence his/her adulthood and independence

biological, cognitive, psychological, social, moral, and spiritual

Undeniably, _______, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________changes could be both exciting and daunting for these may affect one's independence and perspectives in life. Consequently, oftentimes, it is the members of the family who take notice of these changes in patterns and behaviors

Puberty

Adolescence begins with the first well-defined maturation event called what?

Biological Challenges

Adolescence begins with the first well-defined maturation event called puberty. Included in the _____________ are the changes that occur due to the release of the sexual hormones that affect emotions. Mood changes can increase which can have an impact on relationships both at home with parents and siblings and peers at school.

Cognitive Challenges

Piaget, in his Theory of Social Development, believed that adolescence is the time when young people develop cognitively from "concrete operations" to "formal operations", so they are able to deal with ideas, concepts, and abstract theories. It takes time to develop confidence using these newly acquired skills, and they may make mistakes in judgment. Learning through success and failure is part of the learning process for the adolescent.

Adolescents are egocentric. They can become self-conscious thinking they are being watched by others, and at other times they behave as if they were on a center stage and perform for a non-existent audience. For example, acting like music idol, singing their favorite songs in their room with all the accompanying dance steps.

Psychological Challenges

The notable psychological challenge that the adolescent must cope with is moving from childhood to adulthood. A new person is emerging, thus, rules will change, and more responsibilities will be placed on him/her, so a certain standard of behavior is now required to be maintained. Accountability is becoming an expectation from both parental and legal concepts.

Anorexia Nervosa

Teenagers with anorexia may take extreme measures to avoid eating and to control the quantity and quality of the foods they eat. They may become abnormally thin and still talk about feeling fat. They typically continue to strict diet even at very unhealthy weights because they have a distorted image of their body.

Bulimia Nervosa

Teenagers with bulimia nervosa typically binge and purge' by engaging in uncontrollable episodes of overeating (bingeing) usually followed by compensatory behavior such as: purging through vomiting, use of laxatives, enemas, fasting, or excessive exercise. Eating binges may occur as often as several times a day but are most common in the evening and night hours.

Anxiety Disorders

are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness

Mood Disorders

The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors that occur within 3 months of the onset of the stressors. Here, low mood, tearfulness, or feelings of hopelessness are predominant.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):

A period of at least 2 weeks during which there is either a depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. In children and adolescents, the mood may be irritable rather than sad.

Bipolar Disorder

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistency increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day, or that requires hospitalization.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / ADHD

Definitions of the symptom complex known as ___________________ differ, but severe problems with concentration or attention and/or hyperactivity are estimated to affect adolescents. Six times as many boys as girls are affected

School Phobia

also called school refusal, is defined as a persistent and irrational fear of going to school. It must be distinguished from a mere dislike of school that is related to issues such as a new teacher, a difficult examination, the class bully, lack of confidence, or having to undress for a gym class. The phobic adolescent shows an irrational fear of school and may show marked anxiety symptoms when in or near the school.

Learning Abilities

encompass disorders that affect the way individuals with normal or above-normal intelligence receive, store, organize, retrieve, and use information. Problems included dyslexia and other specific learning problems involving reading, spelling, writing, reasoning, and mathematics. Undiagnosed learning disabilities are a common but manageable cause of young people deciding to leave school at the earliest opportunity.

Sexual Abuse

is a sexual behavior or a sexual act forced upon a woman, man, or child without their consent. Sexual abuse includes abuse by another man, woman, or child. ___________ in childhood may result in problems of depression and low self-esteem, as well as in sexual difficulties, either avoidance of sexual contact or, on the other hand, promiscuity or prostitution. ___________ in children is regarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the major public health problems

Substance Abuse

Many communities are plagued with problems of ________ among youth. Some children start smoking or chewing tobacco at an early age, aided by easy access to tobacco products. Many of our youth, with limited supervision or few positive alternatives, drink too much beer and liquor. Other youth, influenced by their peers, use other illegal drugs. Our youth suffer from substance abuse in familiar ways: diminished health, compromised school performance, and reduced opportunities for development. Our communities also bear a heavy burden for adolescent substance abuse.

Influence of Mass Media

Adolescents spend a significant amount of time in viewing and interacting with electronic devices in the form of TV, radio, cellphone, and computers. Mass media activate and reinforce attitude and contribute significantly in the formation of new attitudes and will continue to affect children's cognitive and social development.

Impact of Social Media

Social media is a constant part of our lives: we are bombarded by alerts from Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram from the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep. This constant noise is associated with negative mental health outcomes in younger generations who have grown up with the chatter. This constant noise is associated with negative mental health outcomes in younger generations who have grown up with the chatter. In an article by Dr. Shamard Charles (2012), he summarized that "recent studies have shown that more social media use is associated with increased reported symptoms of social anxiety, social isolation, and feelings of loneliness." Another effect of social media is an intense feeling of isolation. It is easy to think that checking on what friends are posting on Facebook will lead to a greater sense of connectedness, but studies have shown that it's actually the opposite

Dr. Shamard Charles (2012)

In an article by _________________, he summarized that "recent studies have shown that more social media use is associated with increased reported symptoms of social anxiety, social isolation, and feelings of loneliness."

Psychosocial Developmental Theory

In the eight stages of ____________________________ of Erik Erikson, Identity vs. Role Confusion (this stage is the age between 12 to 18 years old) explains that adolescents would try to explore and figure out their own identity and try to fit in with social interactions at the same time. According to Erikson, an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self. Adolescents struggle with questions "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?" Most the adolescents try to explore various roles and ideas and look for a place where they can fit, set goals, and attempt to discover themselves.

Human Development

focuses on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.

Erik Erikson

In the eight stages of Psychosocial Developmental Theory of ____________, Identity vs. Role Confusion (this stage is the age between 12 to 18 years old) explains that adolescents would try to explore and figure out their own identity and try to fit in with social interactions at the same time. According to Erikson, an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self. Adolescents struggle with questions "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?" Most the adolescents try to explore various roles and ideas and look for a place where they can fit, set goals, and attempt to discover themselves.

Pre-Natal (Conception to birth)

Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features, both external and internal are developed

Early Childhood (2 to 6 years)

Pre-gang age, exploratory, and questioning. Language and elementary reasoning are acquired and initial socialization is experienced

Infancy (Birth to 2 years)

Foundation age when basic behavior are organized and many ontogenetic maturation skills are developed

Late Childhood (6 to 12 years)

Gang and creativity age where self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play are developed

Adolescence (puberty to 18 years)

Transition age from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation and rapid physical development occur resulting to changes in ways of feeling, thinking and acting

Early Adulthood (18 to 40 years)

Age of adjustment to new patterns of life and roles such as spouse, parent and breadwinner

Middle Age (40 years to retirement)

Transition age when adjustments to initial physical and mental decline are experienced

Old Age (Retirement to death)

Retirement age when increasingly rapid physical and mental decline are experienced

Living Mindfully

you need the right tools to practice your craft, and you need to constantly refine your technique to achieve your creative potential.

Influential People in My Life

People normally look up to influential personalities who have shown greatness in terms of leadership, intelligence, creativity, talents, and charisma. They usually listen to their strong belief system that brings so much inspiration and positive to other's life.

Adolescents choose their idols whom they have seen in social media and from the society they get involved with. Because of the examples they model, they get inspiration and imbibe their positive outlooks in life.

These are some of the people who molded you in many significant ways and have become part of your existence.i

Parents

• Parents are the first people who introduce you to life. They provide shelter, protection, and sense of security no matter what happens.

• The concept of home is formed coupled with love and much sacrifices that either your mother or father is willing to give.

• When you want to hear honest opinion about the things you need to improve, they would never hesitate to tell exactly what needs to be done.

• Parents play the largest role in a person's mental, emotional, physical, and social development.

• They teach you the first valuable lessons in life that became an integral part of your personality as you continue to discover the world. They get involved with your education and happy to see you achieve and discover potentials.

• Parents' advices are far more important than any other people's advices in terms of making sound decisions in life.

Siblings

• Siblings are friends within a family.

• They extend valuable help whenever you are in need of assistance.

• They teach you the concept of socialization, mutual understanding, and respect.

• Like friendship, your relationship with your sister or brother requires communication and acceptance.

• As you grow older you realize their significant part in your life and continue to establish close ties among them.

• Although disagreements are normal part among siblings, it is important to understand that all of you have sets of differences.

• Sibling bond is nothing compared with any other bonds in the world as long as its foundation is anchored with much love and appreciation.

Friends

• Friends are like extended siblings who came from different families.

• They give us a sense of belongingness for an individual would always want to be part of something.

• Friends also teach us the value of love, respect, understanding, and acceptance.

• They help us improve in our social connection, emotional stability, and inspires our intellectual capacity.

• True friends support only what is good and reject what is not. They refuse to tolerate unacceptable behavior and seek to correct your shortcomings.

• Friends bring out the best in a person and they share mutual interest, hobbies, and aspirations.

Teachers

• Teachers are the second parents in school.

• They help you improve your intellectual and emotional capacity to handle difficult situations in life.

• They guide you to understand the valuable lessons about life that would last for a lifetime.

• Their influence does not fade because they provide exceptional impact towards self-realization and self- discovery.

• Teachers walk along the progress of the leaners; that makes it more memorable and enduring for life.

• Good teachers inspire learners to do better in making decisions.

• Being the role model in class, they set example to leaners who need much guidance in school.

Community Leaders

• Community leaders provide network connections and linkages among other parts of the community.

• They inspire adolescents to get involved with community services through outreach programs,

social activities, and volunteer works. They model innovation to help improve the community whom they serve.

• Effective leaders set inspiration to others by setting a good example by following the policies that they try to implement.

• Using their charisma, they tend to persuade others to follow them; thus, they can generate many programs to address the needs of the people.

• Adolescents like you can learn from their accomplishments and may get inspired to become servant-leaders in the future.

Self-Improvement

comes with an effective interaction of the different agencies within the society. The people whom you considered significant in life are also called agents of socialization. These are your family, siblings, peers, teachers, and community leaders. They help you discover more of yourself and join you in exploring what you need to know about the world. As the person continues to progress, he/she would realize the many potentials that have been influenced by any of these people.

Socialization

Through the process of —————-, adolescents are exposed to many learning opportunities. As they learn, they would notice additional skills and build- up of characters under the influence of people whom they look up to. Adjustment of behavioral display is done so as to fit in the norms of the society where one intends to join. This process also allows an individual on how to interact with different people having varied cultural orientation. During such exposure, culture is learned and acquired, mutual understanding is developed, and a nature of collaboration is established. There are many benefits that an adolescent can enjoy upon deciding on socializing with the right kind of people. Since much of the learning comes within the environment, young people are always encouraged to search for worthwhile organization that can bring out the best in them.

Teachers

are also special agents we see in school, a place where many exciting memories are forged through time, as we collaborate with peers. They mold us in so many ways. Their role is not only to teach us the concept of socialization but gave us opportunities to discover much more about socializing. School is the appropriate place to formally learn academic skills like: comprehension, analytical thinking, logical reasoning, subject knowledge transfer, and creative visualization. All of these are learned through the help of teachers who gave so much inspiration to love learning at all cost. With their constant guidance and your willingness to learn, your future success is secured.

Community Leaders

need to develop selfless future leaders, as well. Since they have an important role in community development, they are extending so much help in addressing the needs of adolescents particularly in community involvement and civic responsibility. Because of these selfless service towards other people, young generations like you can also get inspired by their examples in reaching out for those who are in need. Youth leadership opportunities are also provided as means to develop a spirit of volunteerism. All it takes is get yourself involved with activities that can improve you more as a person who has a significant contribution in any given society.

Peers

would always have a great deal of influence in your life. It is rightful; therefore, for parents to feel worried about the circle of friends you opt to get involved with. It is difficult for parents to see if adolescents cast astray from the right path of self-realization; therefore, it is necessary to carefully select the right set of individuals who would contribute in bringing out the best in your capabilities. This is a great opportunity to display how much value you put in a relationship if such friendship would last for a longest time there is. Peers teach you to develop skills in organizing tasks, working together with others, giving and receiving feedback in order to evaluate personal learning acquisition.

Family

as the most important agent of socialization, has given you the

knowledge of self-care. As you learn to take care of yourself, this is also done towards the way you deal with other agents in the society. Parents teach the value of relationship. This is significant because you would develop multiple relationships as you explore further the world. They give you their system of belief, traditions, culture, and values that you can use for discernment during difficult decision making. With the help of your siblings, the early concept of cooperation is fostered. Friendship at this point is also established and can be nurtured even as you age.

Social Interaction

Success in ——- ————- would have a lasting effect on a person's personal development. Since human interaction happens as long as you live, it is fitting to know the proper ways on how to effectively express your thought to reach for others. These skills in communication must be learned as early as childhood and could be mastered during adolescence.