Sociology 140 UW Madison Exam 1

Sociological Imagination

When something seems like a personal issue but it really is a societal issue

Social Fact

"Bless you" thing. Something you do but don't understand why, it is an obligation. A manner of acting, thinking, and feeling external to the individual influenced by a power that controls them.

Standpoint Theory

Everyone has an inherent bias and can't get over it

Situated Knowledge

matching your knowledge with other perspectives to build a worldview

Normal Science

everyone shares a common paradigm

Paradigm Shift

Normal Science => Anomaly => Crisis => Change in worldview => Pre-paradigm phase => New paradigm => Back to normal science

Fake News

when someone writes and publicizes a falsified story for political or monetary gain

Community

group of people who share the same beliefs and/or perspective

Self-interest rightly understood

help your neighbor to help yourself (Toqueville). He was worried people would become too individual and ignore community obligations.

Market Fundamentalism

by helping yourself, you inadvertently help your neighbor

Double Consciousness

living life looking at yourself through other's eyes and your own eyes

Individualism

Isolation a person takes upon themselves and withdraws to family and friends instead of community

Community

common, public, general, share by all or many. When people with shared interests/common concerns relate to each other strongly

Inegalitarian Exclusion

when you make the transition from individual to community, but it doesn't include everybody (New Deal)

Citizenship

1st: Owning land and not dependent

2nd: wage earners had to collaborate for their independence

3rd: house wives, poor people, native Americans, and slaves were left behind

4th: If you are a tax payer, then you earn the right to be a citizen

Dependency

you were dependent on someone else to earn a wage therefore you weren't worthy of being a voting citizen

Race consciousness

The system used to determine why some people should be enslaved and why others should be free

Racial Classification

happened in the early 17th century with the arrival of the Europeans to the New World

Institutional Racism

system is prejudice against certain people groups. (Lack of health care to black population because of income disparity)

Color-blind Racism

uses non-racial means to produce a racial change. (Higher interest loans to black minority groups)

Racialization

the extension of racial meaning to previously racially unclassified relationships, social practice, or group

Three institutional actors

State, Civil Society, Market

Neoclassical Paradigm

people are generally rational and the market will run itself

Invisible hand

the market will self-correct and run itself

Keynesian Paradigm

people are generally irrational and need supervision. The government will invest in the market during times of trouble and will back off when the economy is doing well and conserve.

New Deal

a variety of social works programs (butter) used to boost the economy

Fordism

give your employees enough money so they can buy the products your company is producing

Social Capital

capital is founded in relationships outside of family

Colonial division of labor

England takes the raw material from the New World and gives them goods that are produced in England at a higher cost. (India)

Bretton Woods

established worldwide economic organizations to control trade and tariffs

Comparative Advantage

produce the product int he city where the natural resources are

Race to the bottom

cut cost in efficiency or raw material. Who can sell their product for the lowest price.

Global assembly line

a product is made across country lines

Cosmopolitan Localism

live locally, think globally

Sach's Ideals

Not a fan of globalism

Understands the positive nature of gathering ideas from people globally

Enlightenment

when people thought that science would lead to continual development that would better humans

Time allocation

Spend less time at work and more time investing in social capital and providing for yourself. Decrease economic growth.

Conscious consumerism

understanding how purchasing decisions influence others (the economy) and the environment

Plentitude

Getting more from less

Intensive growth

using a fixed set of goods with more efficiency

Extensive growth

putting new resources into the market to make additional products

Fast Fashion

the quick turnover of people's styles and speed up of consumerism

Ikea Effect

Quick turnover of consumer goods other than clothing

Materiality Paradox

The idea that use of goods is no longer to meet basic needs but to satisfy social status and construct identity. High turnover market affects the environment.

Market Value

the value of an object determined by supply and demand

Positive Externality

Vaccine, Education. Cost is high to you but has a net positive effect on the economy

Negative Externality

Social cost > Private cost

GDP

measures an entire country's economic output

High vs. Low Economic Person

how involved a person is in the market