final forensics

what is entomology?

study of insects

what is forensic entomology

the application of using arthropods in legal investigations

subgroups of forensic entomology

urban, stored product and medicolegal

urban entomology

pest infestations in buildings or gardens taht may be the basis of lawsuits between private parties and service providers

stored product

used in lawsuits over infestations or contamination of commercially distributed foods and insects

medicolegal entomology

used in lawsuits over criminal actions by people, in cases such as murder, rape, suicide, physical abuse, etc.

wht are flies attracted to carcasses

volatile compounds emitted during decomposition

can flies tell the difference between late and early decaying carcasses?

yes!

types of volatile compounds that attract flies

dimethyl trisulfide, heptanal, nonanal, butylated hydroxyl toluene

First entomology case was conducted by….

Sung Tz’u

name for flies

diptera

name for beetles

coleoptera

how many stages of development do blow flies have?

5

state 1 flies

adult flies lay eggs on the carcass around wound areas liek the nose, eyes, ears, anus

stage 2 flies

eggs hatch into larvae in 12-24 hours

third stage

larvae continue to grow and molt as they pass through various instar stages

1st instar length and days

5 mm after 1.8 days

2nd instar length and day

10 mm after 2.5 days

3rd instar length and days

12-16mm after 4-5 days

4th stage flies

the larvae develop into pupa after burrowing into soil

5th stage flies

flies emerge from pupa cases after 6-8 days

what flies are present at early stages of decomposition

bleuu and greenbottle flies and flesh flies

what flies are present at late stages of decomposition

house flies and cheese skippers

what beetles are present at early stage decomposition

carrion beetles

what beetles are present at early to late stage decomposition

rove beetles and clown beetles

what beetles are present during alte stage decomposition

ham and checkered beetles, skin beetles, and hide beetles

faunal succession

insects arrive at the scene in a predictable series of progression which can be sued to determine time of death

what can effect faunal succession

temperature, sun, location of body, environment

first wave insects

blowflies, blue and green and 10-12 mm in length

are blow flies cold-blooded or warm-blooded

cold blooded, as the temp increases, the develop more rapidly

which instar is more able to penetrate skin? 1st or 2nd instar flies

2nd instar

which instar is called maggots

3rd instar stage

what type of insect comes in the second wave

flesh flies

what type of insect comes in the third wave

dermestid beetles

all the stages of decomposition

fresh, bloated, decay, post-decay, and dry

what occurs during the fresh stage

eggs are laid around eyes or face or anus

what occurs during the bloated stage

cadaver swells and putrefies, maggots feed, flesh flies appear

what occurs during the decay stage

adult blowflies no longer come, larges masses of maggots feed, predators and parasitoids of maggots arrive

what occurs during the post-decay stage

cadaver dries out and maggots leave or left

what occurs during the dry stage

skin and bones, insects that can break down keratin eat at skin and bones

list of the protocol for entomologists

scene inspection, weather data, collection to crime scene, shipment of evidence to lab, analyzed by forensic entomologists

what to collect at crime scene

soil sample, living samples, topsoil, soil samples, etc.

scene inspection includes

general habitat, surrounding foliage, sun and shade conditions, photos taken

weather data includes

ambient air temp, maggot mas temp, ground surface temp, etc.

forensic taphonomy

the process varies between individuals and enviroments that study how decomposition occurs at crime scenes.

cadavers

complex resource that comes with a heavy microbila inculum and is comprised of a lot water and lots of lipids and proteins

decomposition

the process in which organic matter are broken into simpler state of matter

decomposition process

autolysis, algor mortis, rigor mortis, livor mortis, putrefaction, and decay

autolysis

the destruction fo a cell through the action of its own enzymes and the cell digests itself.

algor mortis

reduction of body temperature after death

rigor mortis

reaches peak in 12 hours and leads to stiffness and relaxation of the body

liver mortis

settling of blood in the lower body due to the cease of the heart beating, resulting in purple to red color of the skin

putrefaction

anaerobic decomposition of matter within the dead body, liquids and gases make body bloat, its smelly and leads to decay decomposition stage

first stage of putrefaction

discoloration of the abdomen and thorax, gas formation results in edema in neck and dace, protrusion fo eyes and tongue, and skin blisters

later weeks of putrefaction

feces and liquid are ejected from any orifices and foam can be formed near internal organs the body becomes liquefied, and various organs begin to liquefy or fall apart as tissues break down.

following weeks of putrefaction

blackmans head occurs with an infestation of maggots

further stages of putrefaction (a couple months)

most internal organs and soft tissue are gone, intestines and liver may putrefy and body enters skeletonization

what factors affect corpse decomposition

temperature, humididty, trauma, chemicals, insects, burial and depth, clothing, canrivores, weather, plants

what cann temp do to a body

high or low temps lead to mummification

what does humidity or ardity do to a body

aridity leads to mummification and high humidity can accelerate decay and encourage the growth of bacteria.

what will trauma doe to a body

wounds attract flies to lay their eggs

waht will chemicals do to a body

repel insects from corpse

what will insects do to a body

increase decomposition

what does burial or depth of body do to body?

bodies on surface decay faster than burried bodies

what and when does mummifcation occur

Mummification occurs under dry conditions where natural desiccation prevents decomposition, typically in arid climates or environments

adipocere

is a fatty waxy substance in areas of high fat deposition and occurs in warm, moist, anaerobic conditions with anaerobic bacteria

skeletonization

last stage of decomp, bodies disarticulate, and only the skeleton remains, usually occurring in dry or open environments where natural elements facilitate the process.

parts of body that skeletonize

head, sternum and clavicle, upper limbs, pelvis, ribs, lower limbs, trunk, feet and vertebral column

what factors can damage bones

scavenging, weathering, post mortem trauma, fire

PMI stands for

Post Mortem Interval, which refers to the time that has elapsed since a person has died. based on the total body score

what is anthropology?

the systematic study of human-kind with two major goals, understand uniqueness and diversity and discover fundamental similarities

four flies of anthropology

culutral, biological/physical, linguistics, and archeology

physical anthropology

primarily concerned with humans as a biological species with

SUBDISCIPLINES of physical anthropology

paleoanthropology, primatology, forensics, genetics

archaeology

seek our and examine the artifacts of past societies

linguistic anthropology

how language is used and relationship between language and culture

cultrual enthropology

examines contemporary societies and cultural throughout the world, also called ethnology

applied anthropology

offers practical solutions to cultural problems

stages of search and recovery of human remains

locate grave, assess site, secure scene, document scene, look for evidence, collect surface evidence, excavate grave, collect remains and transport to lab

who used a micro radiography spectrophotometry to examine the postmortem changes of human compact bones

M. Yoshino

luminol etsting

used to analyze PMI by correlating PMI with blood remnants in the bone

what is the best way to find biological profile is male of female

it is called osteobiography in which we look at different bones to determine sexual dimorphism of population

antemortem trauma

trama before death and there might be some repairs due to the bone being living during injury

perimortem trauama

at the time of death and can also have contributed or directly associated with the cause of death

postmortem trauam

after death trauma

Cranio facial reconstruction (CFR)

group of processes used to repair or shape a face or skill of a living person or to create a replica of the head and face of a dead or missing person

what is palaepathology

study of ancient diseases

what is osteology

study of skeletal bones

crime scene

location at which an offense was committed where potential evidence of that crime may exist.

two types of crime scenes

primary and secondary

primary crime scene

location where the offense was committed

secondary crime scene

location of all connected events

macroscopic crime scene

the large view which includes things such as relevant locations, victims and the suspects bodies, cars and buildings

microscopic crime scene

consists of the specific objects and pieces of evidence that are associated with the commission of the crime including bite marks, hairs and fibers, etc.

what is the golden rule in criminal investigations

do not touch or alter or move or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is properly marked, measured, sketched and or photographed.

initial steps in criminal investigation

cordon the cene, identify and retain people, determine suspect, detain all people present, safeguard area and permit authorized persona