Lab 7: Organization, Morphology, and Development in Animals

Animal Kingdom Shared Characteristics

Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic

Body morphology

look at the body structure such as symmetry

Symmetry

To describe the body plan. Can be radial or bilateral.

Radial symmetry

Any plant that passes through the body from the mouth to the opposite end creates mirror images. Similar to a pie.

Bilateral symmetry

Only one plane can divide the animal into mirror images

Anterior/Ventral

Front view of animal

Posterior/Dorsal

Rear view of animal

Superior

Top

Inferior

Bottom

Cephalic/Cranial

Head region

Caudal

Tail

Major Phyla of Kingdom Animalia

Germ Layers

2 germ layer (diploblastic)- ectoderm and endoderm

3 germ layers (tripoblastic)- ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Gastrula

Hollow cup-shaped structure (blastula thats folded in on itself)

Protostomes

Mouth first, anus second

Deuterostomes

Anus first, mouth second

Coelom

Body cavity surrounded on all sides by mesoderm

*acoelomate means no body cavity

Pseudocoelom

Surrounded on one side by mesoderm and the other side by endoderm

Incomplete digestive tract

Mouth takes in food and also ejects waste

Complete digestive tract

Food passes from mouth to anus

Sessile

Anchored in place

Motile

Capable of movement

Ectoderm

Outer side. Gives rise to the skin and nervous tissue of an animal.

Endoderm

Most inner layer

Mesoderm

Middle layer. Gives rise to internal organs like muscle and heart