Middle East Vocab

Islam

Monotheistic religion that believes the teachings of Muhammad and follows the Qur'an.

Muhammad

the last prophet/founder of Islam, who was sent by god.

Qu’ran

The holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad

Five Pillars of Islam

Shahada - Dedication to faith

Salat - pray 5 times daily

Zakat - Give to the poor

Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj - Travel to Mecca

Mecca

Holiest city where Muslims travel for prayer

Hijrah

The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar

Sunni / Shi’a

Main branches of Islam

Sunnis: follow tradition of Muhammad Shi’a’s: believe in leadership of Ali

Ottoman Empire

A historical empire that spanned from the late 14th century to the early 20th century. It was known for influence around the world

Crusades

Christians battling for their holy land

Cultural blending

Different cultures influence each other, leading to new customs, traditions etc