MICRO REVIEWER

Ancient Origins

earliest forms of lodging were likely simple shelters

Medieval Period

During the Middle Ages, inns and more prominent

Renaissance and Beyond

a rise in luxury accommodations for the elite

20th Century

rise of hotel chains, with pioneers like Ellsworth Statler and Conrad Hilton

Modern Era

emergence of resort hotels, time-sharing, and specialized accommodation

Hotels

It can be a 10 room boarding house or a building that has a thousand or more rooms.

Motels or Motor Hotels

found along busy highways

Resort Hotels

Located near beaches, and offer more amenities, shops and recreation opportunities.

Pensions

family owned accommodation facilities. In German speaking parts of Europe, a pension is also called Gauthaus. It usually offers continental breakfast but do not have facilities for other meals.

Condominium Hotels

sold by the hotel developers to individuals who are given a title to the real estate.

Campground

It is a popular form of overnight accommodation in both Europe and North America. Often found in government parks and forests.

Bed and Breakfast

Originated in Europe. This form of accommodation provides a bed for the night and breakfast the next day.

Tourist Inn

These do not normally meet the minimum requirements of an economy hotel.

Apartment- Hotels (Apartels)

These are building which contain several independent and furnished or semi-furnished apartments. These are leased to tourists and travelers on a longterm and offer basic services to its tenant, similar to hotels.

Health Spas

These are hotels and resorts which cater to people who go to spas or mineral springs for medical treatment or weight reduction.

Private Homes

It is the earliest form of overnight lodging for travelers.

Time-sharing

It is a more recent unique style type of accommodation. It started in Europe in the 1960 when people found it difficult to make reservations every year in popular hotels during summer. And, the selling of vacation lodging, usually condominiums, for specific week/s over a given number of years.

Hostels

it provide basic amenities such as a bunk bed and a commonly shared toilet and bathroom.

The Personnel Division

recruit’s new employees and administrator’s policies and employee benefits for the company.

The engineering and maintenance division

makes the necessary repairs and implements the hotel’s energy management program.

The accounting division

handles the financial activities of the operation which include payment of bills, sending out statement, payroll, and compiling monthly income statements.

The security division

provides protection for both employees and guests.

The food and beverages division

are responsible for the food and beverages that are served.

The marketing and sales division

is responsible for selling the rooms, and food service.

The room division

is responsible for the front desk, telephone, reservations and housekeeping department

Franchising

These are usually owned and operated by the same person or company. The hotel operator o franchisee signs a contract with the franchisor to maintain certain operating standard and to use the franchise name on the hotel or motel.

Family or Commercial

It offer a wide of meat and potato selections with a price range that appeals to an average family income. The serve beer and wine if they have a liquor license. The décor is bright. A combination of counters, tables, and booths is common. Parking is necessary since customers usually arrive by car. Family restaurants are normally located near a residential area and a highway.

Coffee shops

It characterized by a fast-food service. The decor is simple, and prices are relatively low. It is usually located in an office building or shopping mall. The rent is high. The staff are often minimally trained. The peak periods of a coffee shop are lunch and coffee breaks. Operating hours are formerly morning to early evening. A takeout service may be offered

Cafeterias

it usually located in shopping centers and office buildings. Self-service is typical with limited menus of soups, entrees, desserts, and beverages. It often requires a large preparation area. Fast service is necessary to handle the traffic volume. The operating hours will depend on the location as school, office building, airport or highway. Beer and wine may be offered.

Gourmet

It is generally requiring a higher initial investment than other types of restaurants because they require expensive ambiance and décor. They cater to those who want a higher standard and are willing to pay the price. The prices are higher at gourmet restaurants because of the high investment required. The menu and wines are carefully planned and the staff are highly trained.

Ethnic

It feature the food of a specific region or country. They can be Chinese or classical French cuisine. The décor usually has an ethnic motif. In order to be successful, ethnic restaurants must serve authentic cuisine of the region or country they’re featuring and those who prepare the food must be well-trained and knowledgeable. Prices range from budget to high. Beer, wine and liquor may or may not be served. The initial investment is high because of the décor and staff training.

Fast food

It increased in the past 20 years as people have become more mobile. Franchising is common in this type of restaurant. The menu is limited with low prices. Because of low prices, many customers patronize fast food restaurants. It also operates for long hours and generally for seven days a week. Alcoholic beverages are not offered. A well trained staff is required for franchise fast-food operation in which the franchisor sets standards of service and food quality that must be maintained at all times.

Deli shops

It provides delicatessen food service, combining traditional delicatessen cold meats and cheese with takeout sandwiches, salads, and similar items. Some deli shops have limited seating capacity. They are usually located in shopping areas or office building and re-open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 or 9:00 PM. Capital investment is low. It has a low labor cost because only one or two owners and employees are involved.

Buffet

 It established on a completely self-serve basis. However, if liquor, beer, and wine are offered, table and service for these beverages are provided. The food buffet is usually an “all you can eat” hot and cold food for one price. Food preparation and service staff are kept to a minimum. The restaurants cater to the family and therefore offer reasonable prices. They are open from 5:00 PM to 11:00 PM.

Transportation

 There is a natural link between transportation and food service. Several restaurants are generally found along auto and bus transportation routes. They are also found at bus, rail, and air transportation, as well as on transportation vehicles as trains and ships.

Franchising

Franchised restaurants are a major component of the food service industry, particularly in the fast-food sector.

Recreational Activities

It includes all kinds of sports, both team and individual, such as baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, swimming, skiing, hiking, jogging, aerobics, and rock climbing, which are active forms of recreation. Passive recreational activities include reading, fishing, playing, and listening to music, gardening, playing computer, and watching shows or movies.

Recreational Participation

The most common notion of recreation is that it is primarily a participation in sports and games. 

Increase in discretionary time

a key factor underlying the growth of recreation has been the growth of free of discretionary time in the 20^th century. Due to advanced me mechanical equipment and automated processes in factories, agriculture, and the service fields, productive capacity increased remarkably during the second half of the 19^th century and the fist half of the 20^th century 

Influence of technology

sophisticated technology has provided new forms of recreation for people. Outdoor recreation uses complex and expensive devices in activities such as skydiving, hang gliding, scuba diving, boating, roller blading, skiing, and snowboarding. Computer dating provides a new form of social contact for single adults. Video games offer interactive competition or exposure to new play settings and virtual realities. The internet has become an important part of travel and tourism by providing information and facilitating reservations and vacation choices.

Public interest in health and fitness

a key trend in the 20^th is the growth of public interest in exercise and physical fitness programs. Many people are now concerned about improving their health, vitality and appearance through diet and exercise. Those who exercise regularly look and feel better.  

Commodification of leisure

various forms of recreation are being developed by profit-seeking businesses. Giant corporations have taken control of music, television, movie businesses, sports stadiums, cruise ships, theme parks and other leisure operations. Many elaborate new facilities which offer varied forms of recreation are being developed as part of the trend toward commodification. In big cities, huge public fitness centers which include pools, aerobics, dance rooms, and facilities for family play are being built and often charge membership fees that cost several hundred dollars a year.

Therapeutic recreations service

an important aspect of the growth of recreation has been the increased awareness of the recreation needs of persons with physical, mental, or social disabilities. In recent years, there has been an increased recognition of the need to provide recreational programs for special populations such as mentally challenged, mentally ill, and physically challenged. These programs use therapeutic recreation as a form of treatment much attention in recent years is the Special Olympics, an international program of physical fitness, sports training, and athletic competition for children and adults with mental retardation.

New leisure roles for women

At present, there is a strong drive by women to play a more equal role in recreational opportunities. In the past, women were barred from a variety of athletic, outdoor recreation, cultural, and social improvements. Women were treated as second class citizens in leisure opportunities. With the emergence of a strong feminist movement, this inequality was corrected. There is now a growing interest in women’s tennis, golf, gymnastics, track and field, and similar events in every level of feminine strength, determination and self-confidence.

Government recreation agencies

these are the federal, state, provincial agencies and local departments that provide recreation and leisure services as a primary function. Also include are other agencies that offer recreation programs as a secondary responsibility such as those concerned with social service, education, special population, and the armed forces.

Voluntary nonprofit organizations

these are non-governmental, nonprofit agencies, both sectarian and nonsectarian, which serve the public at large with multiservice programs that often include a substantial element of recreational opportunity.

Private membership organizations

they provide recreational and social activities for their own members and, in some cases, assist community recreation needs.  

Commercial recreation enterprises

 these are privately businesses which operate to make a profit as ski centers, bowling alleys, nightclubs, movie houses, theaters, health spas or fitness centers, dancing schools and theme parks.

Employee recreation program

they serve those who work for companies or employers by providing recreation as a part of a total personnel benefits’ packages, linked to other services concerned with employee with employee health and fitness.

Armed forces recreation

although it is obviously a form of government sponsored activity, it is unique in its setting and purpose. Each of the major branches of the armed forces operates an extensive network of recreation facilities and programs.

Campus recreation

it includes intramural athletics or sports clubs, social activities, travel programs, performing arts groups, entertainment, lounges, film series and other forms of recreation on college and university campuses.

Therapeutic recreation services

 these include any type of program designed to meet the needs of persons with physical or mental disabilities, individuals with poor health, dependent aging persons, social deviant persons in correctional facilities, and similar special groups.

Sports as popular recreation

sports are major areas of recreational involvement. Of all types of recreational, sports command the highest degree of personal interest and emotional involvement both for those who participate actively in them and those who are part of a big number of fans in school, college and professional teams.

Tourism

 A Major Recreational Service Component – _______ is a second major area of diverse recreational involvement. Several major elements in the tourism enterprise which are closely linked to the growth of tourism as a form of recreation are the theme parks, water parks, fun center, and sports tourism.  

Heritage attractions

 such as the prehistoric and archaeological sites appeal to those who want to learn about ancient and contemporary civilizations

Recreation attractions

Those who seek exciting adventures. These attractions provide access to indoor and outdoor facilities where tourists can participate in sports 

Commercial attractions

are retail operations which deal with gifts, handicrafts, souvenirs, and art. 

Industrial attractions

This are the wineries and breweries have long been tourist attractions. 

Modern cities

____ that are rich with cultural treasures also attract millions of visitors every year. Because of this, sightseeing tours which make the city attractions accessible are provide. Theaters, museums, zoos, aquariums, cultural arts, festivals, shopping, and dining are some of the sites and activities that appeal to tourists. 

The united states of america

what country is considered to be the pioneer in the development of theme parks. The fist theme park was Disneyland created by Wait Disney in Anaheim, California in 1355, which attracted four million visitors in its first year of operation.

World’s, most visited tourist destination

Disney’s second larger resort, the Wait Disney World in Orlando, Florida, is now the?

Pearce (2001)

According to _______, a tourist attraction named site with a specific human or natural feature which is the focus of visitor and management attention. 

Swar Brooke (2001)

According to _____, defines attractions as single units; individual sites or very small, delimited geographical units based on a single feature. 

Ownership

These are owned and managed by organizations, trusts, and individuals working in the public, private and not for profit sectors. State involvement in attractions funding is shown in Europe, Canada, and Singapore.  

Admission policy

Some attractions charge admission fees while others are free to the public. Attractions operated by membership subscription organizations allow members free entry. Voluntary donations are requested in other attractions such as churches and cathedrals.

Appeal

Attractions may appeal to a local market, regionally, nationally, or internationally. Domestically tourists usually dominate the market for tourist attractions. however, there are different types of attraction that appeal to different types of tourists.  

Size and capacity

Attractions differ in land coverage. Some are housed in small buildings, while others several hectares. Attractions designed for mass tourists are able to receive a large number of visitors. 

Degree of performance

Built tourists attraction are usually attractions with a high degree of performance. Events and festivals have a short duration.

Number of Visitors

Tourists attractions receive varying visitor numbers. Some attractions regularly record approximately more than 500, 000 visitors while others attract smaller number of travelers.

Amusement Park and Theme Park

_______ are terms for a group of entertainment attractions and rides and other events in a specific location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. An amusement park is more elaborate than a simple city park or playground because it provides attractions to people of all ages. 

Bakken

What is the oldest amusement park in the world?

Year 1583,  at Kloppenburg, North of Copenhagen, Denmark. 

The oldest amusement park in the world is Bakken which was opened in year _____ at _________?

family vacations, including children below 19 years old. 

Theme Park trips are ideal for?

What is MICE?

Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions

Meetings

_____ are typically held in hotel conference rooms or at convention centers. They are single-day events that bring together a group of professionals to address a key challenge or set goals for the organization.

Incentives

are travel rewards a company may provide in return for excellent professional performance from individual employees, groups or partners. A few days in a resort, hotel or popular hospitality venue at your company’s expense does wonders for employee loyalty.

Conferences

take meetings to the next level and are designed for a large corporate group to share knowledge across several days. They often include not only key members of the organization, but also guest speakers and the general public.

Exhibitions

are essentially trade shows where an organization promotes its key products and services to the public. They are hyper-focused events that drum up business and help employees to network and build lasting professional relationships.

Mice

is a niche that catches most people’s attention, a fast-paced business that involves an exquisite client management which is also very rewarding, as results are visible right away. 

Bleisure

____ the combination of Business and Leisure which ultimately provides a higher revenue and impact for the destinations that we represent.

Sustainability

The first key trend is _______, from an environmental, economic, and social perspective. Focusing on social responsibility and supporting communities is no longer an option but a necessity. Initiatives like donating excess food, leaving minimal carbon footprint and saving energy resources are taken up with a lot of enthusiasm by our customers.

Personalization

is also among the key trends. It requires presenting clients with more choices, including new meeting formats, and inspirational activities. There is a clear shift from the traditional speaker and delegate roles to more interaction and involvement from the audience. Examples are Barcamps, Open Space, Science Slam, Pecha Kucha or Hybrid Events.

5G Technology

The new _________ means more speed that allows for greater creativity and real time availability of information exchange. Gone are the days when an event just required a computer and overhead projector. High speed internet connectivity, state of the art audio-visuals and automation are more of a necessity than a luxury and are now what is considered innovative and unique.

Catering

_____ is no longer considered just a facility to be provided at an event, but rather it is a tool to impress and amaze event attendees.

Stakeholder

 A _______ is a person, group, or organization that can affect or be affected an organization. According to Johnson, Scholes & Whittington (2006) _______ refer to individuals or groups who depend on the organization to fulfil their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organization depends.

National governments

_____ play an important role in MICE industry. They plan tourism activities at national levels.

Local governments

_____ with specific competence in MICE events also play in important role in tourism development. Councils promote local tourist attractions, provide infrastructure and services to support tourism and manage the impacts of tourism.

Tourism establishments and enterprises

play a variety of roles in tourism development. For example, airlines, trains, and buses transport tourists from one place to another, restaurants provide them with food and drinks, and hotels provide accommodation. 

Tourists

____ visit attractions; spend money; and may promote the attractions through word of mouth and social media if their experience is positive.

Local people

_____ are also very important in MICE industry. They may have legitimate concerns and may resist any tourism development. Therefore, they need to be involved in the decision-making process where appropriate.

Tourism employees, professionals and consultants

_____ also play a very important role in tourism development. Restaurants, hotels, airlines, buses, trains, and others will certainly struggle should they employ an inadequate number of employees, or there are shortages of skilled people in the market.

Convention and visitor’s bureau (CVB)

A destination marketing organization (DMO) which is also called a ______ is an organization that promotes a town, city, region, or country in order to increase the number of visitors.

Zenaida Cruz (2008)

According to _____, The Roles that tour guides play have changed over time provides an account of the evolution of these roles throughout history

England

_____ is one of the first countries to regulate and train guides when authorities were prompted by the guides aggressive competition with each other for the business that tourists bring in the 1930’s

Dr. Arman Mijares and Dr. Philpiper

In 2010 archeologist _______ and ________ found human fossils dating approximately 67,000 thousand years ago in Penablanca Cave in Cagayan Valley.  They’re the earliest human fossils found in the asia-pacific region.