steps in amalgam manipulation, condensation, and carving

minimum mercury or eames technique

Contains EQUAL AMOUNTS of mercury and powder alloy (1 : 1 Amalgam mix)

high mercury technique

Containing MORE MERCURY than needed for powder (52%-53% mercury)

homogenous
SLIGHTLY REFLECTIVE SURFACE.

A properly triturated amalgam is a [?] MASS with [?}

flattens slightly

A properly triturated amalgam [?} if dropped on a table top

1. Achieve WORKABLE MASS within MIN. TIME.

2. REMOVE OXIDES from powder particle surface.

3. PULVERIZED pellet particles that can EASILY ATTACH to mercury.

4. REDUCE PARTICLE SIZE to INCREASE SURFACE area of alloy particles.

5. DISSOLVE part of particles in mercury.

objectives of trituration process

mulling

continuation of trituration

IMPROVE THE HOMOGENEOUS CONSISTENCY of the mass and ASSURE CONSISTENT MIX. (2-5 secs)

mulling is used to?

class ii cavities

matricing is used for?

unreacted mercury
increments

condensation squeezes [?] out of the [?] building up the restoration.

outline
condesing
locating cavosurface margins
carving

Operator should have a MENTAL IMAGE OF [?} FORM of preparation before [?] amalgam to aid in [?} during [?] procedure.

incrementally
overlapping strokes

Amalgam should be inserted [?} and condensed with [?]

overpacked
well condensed
mercury rich

Tooth preparation should be [?] to ensure [?} marginal amalgam that is NOT [?]

burnishing

AFTER CONDENSATION the next procedure is

light stroke
amalgam
tooth
occlusal
conspicous

burnishing is done using a [?] proceeding from the [?] SURFACE TO THE [?] SURFACE on the [?] and other [?] PORTIONS of the restorations

condensation

PRECARVE burnishing with large burnisher is a form of [?]

1. Reduce the SIZE AND NO. OF VOIDS on CRITICAL & MARGINAL AREAS of the amalgam

2. Bring excess mercury to be DISCARDED during CARVING

3. Adapt amalgam to CAVOSURFACE MARGIN.

4. CONDITIONS THE SURFACE before carving

objectives of burnishing

carving

ANATOMICAL SCULPTURING of amalgam material.

partially
external tooth surface
margins
overcarving

Carver should REST [?] on [?] adjacent to [?] to prevent [?]

1. Produce restorations w/ NO OVERHANGS.

2. Produce restorations w/ PROPER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTOUR.

3. Produce restorations w/ functional NON INTERFERING occlusal anatomy.

4. Produce restorations w/ adequate compatible marginal ridge.

5. Produce restorations w/ MINIMAL FLASH.

6. Produce restorations w/ proper SIZE, LOCATION, EXTENT & INTER-RELATIONSHIP of contact area.

7. Produce restorations W/O INTERFERING W/ PERIODONTIUM.

8. Produce restorations w/ PHYSIOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE EMBRASSURE.

objectives of carving

1. DEEP OCCLUSAL GROOVES: invite CHIPPING of amalgam at margins.

2. THIN PORTIONS OF AMALGAM LEFT on external surfaces soon BREAK AWAY giving the appearance that amalgam has GROWN OUT of preparation.

3. UNDER CARVED amalgam with FLASH beyond the margins.

possible problems encountered during carving

flash

Excess amalgam material that EXTENDS BEYOND the prepared cavity margins after a filling is placed and carved

irregular
larger

restoration outline is [?] and [?] than preparation outline.

chipping
margins

DEEP OCCLUSAL GROOVES: invite [?] of amalgam at [?].

break away
grown out

THIN PORTIONS OF AMALGAM LEFT on external surfaces soon[?] giving the appearance that amalgam has [?] of preparation.

excess
extends beyond
placed and carved

flash is [?] amalgam material that [?] the prepared cavity margins after a filling is [?]

1. HEAVY OCCLUSAL CONTACTS on new amalgam should be avoided.

2. Amalgam SHOULD NOT be carved out of occlusion. - Rather, it should have LIGHT OCCLUSAL CONTACT or contacts as indicated by FAINT MARKINGS.

steps in checking the occlusion

heavy

[?] OCCLUSAL CONTACTS on new amalgam should be avoided.

occlusion
light occlusal contact
faint markings

Amalgam SHOULD NOT be carved out of [?]. - Rather, it should have [?] or contacts as indicated by [?].

1. Amalgam flash that was left after carving is removed.

2. Major overhangs a

3. superficial scratches and irregularities.

what are removed during finihsing and polishing

1. stones or finishing burs

2. Finishing disks

3. pumice

4. dentifrice

5. tin oxide

6. rubbercup

materials used in polishing

1. use FINE-GRIT ALUMINA OR CARBORUNDUM STONE to develop CONTINUITY of surface from tooth to restoration.

2. Use ROUND FINISHING BUR.

3. The stone's or bur's long axis is held at a RIGHT ANGLE to the margin

4. initiate polishing with COARSE, RUBBER ABRASIVE POINT at LOW SPEED

5. Point should produce SMOOTH, SATINY APPEARANCE.

6. Obtain HIGH POLISH with MEDIUM- AND FINE-GRIT abrasive points

process of polishing amalgam after 24hrs

1. proportioning alloy and mercury

2. trituration

3. mulling

4. matricing

5. condensation

6. burnishing/surfacing

7. carving

8. finishing and polishing

steps in amalgam manipulation, condensation, and carving