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Cognitive Neuroscience
A field that emphasizes understanding the neural underpinnings of cognition and links cognitive processes to brain structures and mechanisms.
Glial Cells
Cells that provide functional and structural support for neurons; they are not dispensable as neurons rely on them for proper functioning.
Dendrites
The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons.
Synapse
The space that separates neurons, where neurotransmitters are released and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
Neuronal Plasticity
The ability of neurons to change in size and shape in response to injury, development, and learning.
Axon
The part of the neuron that sends information to other neurons by generating an action potential.
Brain Hemispheres
Although structurally symmetrical, the left and right hemispheres of the brain differ in some functions, such as language processing.
Occipital Lobe
The lobe of the brain that receives visual information from the retina.
Frontal Lobe
The lobe most linked with higher functions such as thinking, planning, and decision-making.
Neuropsychologist
A specialist who evaluates patients with language function loss due to brain injuries, such as strokes.
Control Condition
A necessary comparison in experiments linking brain activity to cognitive functions to ensure observed neural activity is related to the cognitive function being tested.
Single-Cell Recordings
A technique with high resolution but is highly invasive, making it unsuitable for human research.
Brain Stimulation Methods
Techniques like TMS and tDCS that help establish cause and effect in cognitive neuroscience research by manipulating brain activity.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
An indispensable tool for visualizing the brain's interior, teaching brain anatomy, and making medical diagnoses.
Epigenetics
The study of how environmental factors influence gene expression and operation.
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