native american civil rights

Native Americans political rights

Red clouds war-1866-1868

Wartime contribution(Navajo code talkers, war bonds)

National Indian youth council-1961 (Columbia river fish in, sovreignty fight)

Aim and BIA-1972(20 point proposal, march to Washington)

Pine ridge-1975(2 fbi agents, lost sympathy)

Alcatraz-1969-1971(400 Indians, publicity, no tangible gain but claimed to have ended termination)

Native Americans economic rights

The great Sioux wars-1876(black hills offer, battle of little big horn, banned from leaving reservations)

Lone wolf v. Hitchcock-1903(legal battle, us could revoke treaties)

Mount Rushmore-1971(reclaim by camping, still protested)

Native Americans social

Ghost dance-1890(white settlers gone, buffalo, peace, wounded knee massacre)

Society of American Indians-1911(education+healthcare but assimilation so unpopular)

Wounded knee-1973(maltreatment on reservations, raised awareness)

Government political

Dawes act-1887(reservation system end, 25 years farm, citizenship)

Indian citizenship act-1924(all citizens, 2/3 already had vote though)

Termination policy-1953(no longer wards of state)(illiteracy disease unemployment)

Indian self determination act-1975(negotiate for own education, health)

Government economic

Reservation policy(loss of land, control over tribes, dependent on gov)

Burke act-1906(sped up land owning process, able to sell land)

Bursum bills-1922(pueblo Indians incapable of managing land(given to gov)

Indian civil rights act-1968(Protection under bill of rights)

Urbanisation(60,000 in 1960, 44years life expectancy, 20 years lower, 40-70%returned to reservations.

Government social

Indian appropriations act-1871(no longer sovereign nations)

Cherokee nation v. Hitchcock-1902(legislation for tribes without their consent)

Leavitt bill-1923(pueblo Indians couldn’t do traditional dances)

Meriam report-1926(condemned allotment,boarding schools replaced with reservation schools, federal aid, medical)

Wheeler Howard act-1934(tribes govern themselves, preservation of culture,John collier, but assimilation)