Chem: Reversible reactions and Equilibrium

IGCSE

What do we mean when we sya that a reaction is at equilibrium?

1. the forward reactions = backward reaction

2. concentrations of the product and reactamts are the same

What happens to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate when water is added?

it changes from white to blue

What happes to anhydorus copper chobalt chloride when water is added?

it changes from blue to pink

Explain what happens what happens to the equilibria when increasing the temperature

Equilibrium shifts to the side that bonds are broken (endothermic side) because that is the side that requires energy from its surroundings to break the bonds since the temperature is increased the amount of kinetic energy is increased to therefore there will be a shift in equilibrium to the endothermic side.

Explain what happens what happens to the equilibria when decreasing the temperature

decreasing the temperature means that the amount kinetic energy reduces therefore the particles do not collide to react anymore this favors the bond making side which is exothermic so quilibrium shifts to the exothermic side.

Explain what happens what happens to the equilibria when increasing the concentration

Adding concentration means there are more reactant particles present. This increases the frequency of successful collisions, so the forward reaction rate increases. To restore equilibrium, the system shifts towards the products to use up the extra reactants.

Explain what happens what happens to the equilibria when increasing the pressure

equilibrium shifts to the side with less moles

Explain what happens what happens to the equilibria when decreasing the pressure

equilibrium shofts to the side that has more moles

Describe the effect of a catalyst on a euqilibrium

no change

Which process is used to make Ammonia?

Haber process

What are the typical conditions needed?

1. 450c

2. 200 atm

3. Iron catalyst

What are the raw materials needed for the haber process to take place?

Nitrogen and Hydrogen

What are the sources of the materials needed?

Hydrogen= methane

Nitrogen= air

State the equation for haber process….

N2 (g) + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

What process is needed to produce sulfuric acid?

Contact process

state the equation for the contact process

2SO2(g) + 02 (g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)

What are the materails needed for for the contact process?

Sulfur dioxide

oxygen

What are the sources of these materials?

Sulfur dioxide = buurning sulfir ores

oxygen = air

Typical conditions for the contact process

temp= 450c

pressure= 200 atm