Bio 14.1-14.2 Quiz Tulloch
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32 Terms
What sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
How many strands are USUALLY in RNA?
1
RNA contains ___ instead of thymine?
Uracil
The 3 main types of RNA are:
Messenger, Ribosomal & Transfer
The process in which segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules?
transcription
Where do RNA and protein synthesis take place in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
Where is RNA produced in eukaryotes?
The nucleus
Where does the RNA travel in eukaryotes after production?
The cytoplasm
What enzyme binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands?
RNA polyamerase
What does RNA polymerase bind to?
Promoters
What are the “start” signals to begin making RNA?
Promoters
What are portions cut out and discarded of RNA?
Introns
What are the pieces of RNA that are spliced together to form mRNA?
Exons
What is a chain of amino acids called?
A polypeptide
What are the four bases of RNA as letters?
A, C, G and U
How many letters at a time is the genetic code read?
3
What is each 3-letter “word” in mRNA called?
A codon
True or false: Some codons serve as “start” and “stop” signals for protein synthesis.
True
What is the process of decoding an mRNA message into a protein called?
Translation
Which comes first: transcription or translation?
Transcription
Where does translation begin on the ribosome?
At the “start” codon.
What is the complementary sequence of bases on tRNA called?
The anticodon.
How many kinds of amino acid does one tRNA carry?
1
When does translation end?
When a “stop code” is reached.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.
What is Gene expression?
The way in which DNA, RNA and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells.
Is the genetic code generally the same in all organisms?
Yes
How many kinds of amino acids are there?
20
What is the start codon?
Methionine, or AUG.
The instructions for assembling proteins are contained in the
Genes
Which type of RNA molecule holds ribosomal proteins in place and carries out the chemical reactions that join amino acids during translation?
rRNA
