Bio 14.1-14.2 Quiz Tulloch

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What sugar is in RNA?

Ribose

How many strands are USUALLY in RNA?

1

RNA contains ___ instead of thymine?

Uracil

The 3 main types of RNA are:

Messenger, Ribosomal & Transfer

The process in which segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules?

transcription

Where do RNA and protein synthesis take place in prokaryotes?

Cytoplasm

Where is RNA produced in eukaryotes?

The nucleus

Where does the RNA travel in eukaryotes after production?

The cytoplasm

What enzyme binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands?

RNA polyamerase

What does RNA polymerase bind to?

Promoters

What are the “start” signals to begin making RNA?

Promoters

What are portions cut out and discarded of RNA?

Introns

What are the pieces of RNA that are spliced together to form mRNA?

Exons

What is a chain of amino acids called?

A polypeptide

What are the four bases of RNA as letters?

A, C, G and U

How many letters at a time is the genetic code read?

3

What is each 3-letter “word” in mRNA called?

A codon

True or false: Some codons serve as “start” and “stop” signals for protein synthesis.

True

What is the process of decoding an mRNA message into a protein called?

Translation

Which comes first: transcription or translation?

Transcription

Where does translation begin on the ribosome?

At the “start” codon.

What is the complementary sequence of bases on tRNA called?

The anticodon.

How many kinds of amino acid does one tRNA carry?

1

When does translation end?

When a “stop code” is reached.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.

What is Gene expression?

The way in which DNA, RNA and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells.

Is the genetic code generally the same in all organisms?

Yes

How many kinds of amino acids are there?

20

What is the start codon?

Methionine, or AUG.

The instructions for assembling proteins are contained in the

Genes

Which type of RNA molecule holds ribosomal proteins in place and carries out the chemical reactions that join amino acids during translation?

rRNA