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what DNA and RNA considered?
Nucleic acids
monomer of a lipid
Glycerol + fatty acid tail
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated or controlled by a scientist is the ____.
independent variable
what are the aspects of scientific thinking?
making observation, asking questions, forming hypothesis, testing hypothesis through experiment, analyzing data, and making conclusions
The main functions for carbohydrates are:
to provide energy and create the cell structure
what monomer has an R at the bottom and an H H O at the top?
proteins monomer
The structure of the water molecule is based on the polarity between the oxygen and hydrogen atom. Polarity is demonstrated in this diagram by
a dark black line
The monomer unit of a carbohydrate is ________.
monosaccharide
The statement "The worm is 2 centimeters long" is a(n) _____ type of observation.
quantitative
Which property of water is the result of hydrogen bonds?
high specific heat
A function of lipids is ________.
to store energy
the monomer that has a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base is what macromolecule?
nucleic acid
nucleic acid monomer
nucleotide
The polymer unit for a protein is __________.
polypeptide
The oxygen that is released as O2 during photosynthesis came from _____ molecules.
water
Which of the following occurs in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Glucose is produced.
Why is water so important to a plant?
Water supplies the plant with electrons for the electron transport chain.
Which of the following environmental changes would most likely increase the rate of photosynthesis in plants?
an increase in carbon dioxide
whats a green oval-shape organelle with green coins (thylakoids) in it
chloroplast
What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?
An input of energy to attach a third phosphate group.
what is the calvin cycle
the cycle of dark reactions of photosynthesis that involves the fixation of carbon dioxide and the formation of a 6-carbon sugar.
where does the calvin cycle take place
thylakoid membrane
The thylakoid membrane becomes damaged, causing the inside of the thylakoid to mix with the stroma, what process is likely to be most effected by this?
ATP creation inside ATP synthase
What BEST describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?
Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars.
Which compound must be replenished before the Calvin cycle can start again?
RuBP
Consider the ATP molecule. There are _____ phosphate groups in the ATP molecule.
3
When a plant is not watered, it dies because it cannot _____.
provide high-energy electrons to generate NADPH
Carbon dioxide bonds with what molecule first in the Calvin cycle?
ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
Which of the following is a product of Photosystem II?
O2
Photosynthesis can be divided into two steps: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. What correctly describes the overall process of the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used by the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates.
Which of the following equations correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + gl
carbon dioxide + water --->glucose + oxygen
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is the result of splitting __________.
water
What molecule(s) does the Calvin cycle supply back to the light reaction?
NADP+ and ADP
Why is chlorophyll classified as a plant pigment and why it is useful in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll's ability to absorb light
The light-independent reaction uses the energy from ____ to produce ____.
NADPH and ATP; sugar
Which compounds are produced in the light-dependent reactions?
ATP and NADPH
whats the result of Photosystem 1
ATP and NADPH
Whats is the result of photosystem 2?
Water molecules are split apart into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and. electrons
What cell structure is most likely responsible for whether or not a plant cell is flappy or strong?
Vaocule
The cell membrane can also be described as ____________.
the fluid mosaic model
The presence of which structure would indicate that the cell is eukaryotic?
------------------------------------
DNA,
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Lysosomes?
Lysosomes
Which organelles are present both inside the nucleolus and on the surface of the rough E.R.?
ribosomes
What is one similarity between active and passive transport?
both involve moving substances across a membrane
Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell in terms of where it is made in the cell to how it gets delivered to a destination?
ribosome --> rough ER --> Golgi apparatus
A student explains that plant cells have only cell walls and no cell membranes. Animal cells have cell membranes but not cell walls.
What is wrong with this statement?
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.
if theres 90% H20 and 10% solute in the cell, and 85% H20 and 15% solute outside the cell, where will the water move?
Water will leave the cell till equilibrium is reached
You're looking through a microscope at a eukaryotic cell and notice lysosomes and centrioles. What cell are you looking at?
Animal cell
Which structure is the site of making proteins for the cell?
Ribosome
Exocytosis is an example of what type of transport?
active transport
Which of the following statements correctly matches a cell part with its function?
-------------------
A: The nucleus produces energy for the cell.
-------------------
B:The mitochondria convert sunlight into sugar.
--------------------
C:The vacuole packages lipids for export from the cell.
----------------
D:The lysosome digests old cell parts.
The lysosome digests old cell parts.
what describes the heads of lipids
hydrophillic
In the phospholipid bilayer, which region is hydrophilic?
the Heads of the lipids
what part of the lipid is hydrophobic
the fatty acid tail (glycerol)
The cell membrane is found in ______ types of cells.
All Cells
Which process requires no energy from the cell?
Endocyctosis
Active Transport
Facilitative diffusion
exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?
nucleus
Which organelle, if punctured, would leak digestive enzymes into the cell's cytoplasm?
Lysosome
Determine the type of solution surrounding the animal cell if its 50% h20 and solute inside and outside the cell
Isotonic
What cell structure is responsible for regulating all cellular activities?
Nucleus
In general, in what direction does a diffusing substance move?
down its concentration gradient
What do both plant and prokaryote cells have in common?
They both have a cell membrane
Which phrase best describes the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
some have ribosomes, some do not
which structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplasts
mitochondria
Cell wall, Chloroplasts
Which structures are involved in cell movement for prokaryotes?
flagella and cilia
Water leaves a cell when the solute solution surrounding the cell is ____________.
hypertonic
In the absence of oxygen, some organisms produce ethanol (alcohol) and ATP from pyruvate and NADH.
What is the name of this anaerobic pathway?
Alcohol fermentation
For cellular respiration to occur, which process must take place first?
Photosynthesis
Several molecules are produced as a result of glycolysis.
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
where does glycolosis take place
In the cytoplasm
where does krebs cycle occure
mitochondrial matrix
where does the electron transport chain take place?
the inner membrane of the mitochondria
how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?
34-36
how many ATP does glycolosis make?
2
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