Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

Flashcards covering key functional groups in organic chemistry.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. (Endung:-ene)

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. (Endung:-yne)

Arene

A cyclic hydrocarbon that contains alternating double bonds, typically a benzene ring.

Alkyl halide (haloalkane)

A compound where a halogen atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom on an alkane.

Amine

An organic compound derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups. (Endung:-amine)

Alcohol

An organic compound in which a hydroxyl (-OH) group is bonded to a carbon atom.(Endung:-ol)

Thiol

An organic compound that contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) group. (Endung:-thiol)

Ether

An organic compound where two hydrocarbon groups are connected by an oxygen atom. (Endung:- ether)

Sulfide

An organic compound containing a sulfur atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.(Endung:-sulfide)

Phosphate

An organic or inorganic molecule where a phosphate group (PO4) is the main functional group.

Disulfide

A compound containing a bond between two sulfur atoms, typically found in proteins.

Aldehyde

An organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) where the carbon atom is also bonded to a hydrogen atom.(Endung:-al)

Ketone

An organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. (Endung:-one)

Carboxylic acid

An organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (-COOH).(Endung:-oic acid)

Ester

A compound formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by the -COO- group.(Endung:-oate)

Thioester

A compound where a sulfur atom is bonded to the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid.(Endung:-thioate)

Amide

An organic compound derived from a carboxylic acid where the -OH group is replaced by an amine. (Endung:-amide)

Acid chloride

A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to a chlorine atom and derived from a carboxylic acid. (Endung:-oyl chloride)

Nitrile

a carbon nitrogen triple bond (Endung:-nitrile)

sulfoxide

An organic compound that contains a sulfur atom bonded to an oxygen atom, typically represented with the structure R-S(=O)-R', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups.

carboxylic acid anhydride

A compound formed from two acyl groups (RCO) connected by an oxygen atom, derived from the dehydration of two carboxylic acids. (Endung:-oic anhydride)

Isopropyl

Sec-butyl

Isobutyl

Tert-butyl