Chapter 7 - lecture questions

At the elbow, the ____ brings the hand toward the shoulder.

a. extensor muscle

b. flexor muscle

c. striated muscle

d. skeletal muscle

b. flexor

Which would be especially important when running up a flight of stairs at full speed?

a. fast-twitch muscles

b. slow-twitch muscles

c. smooth muscles

d. intermediate muscles

a. fast-twitch muscles

Vigorous use of fast-twitch fibers results in fatigue because the process is:

a. aerobic.

b. anaerobic.

c. anabolic.

d. abolic.

b. anaerobic

A physician taps you just below the knee to check a reflex that is based on information from which kind of receptor?

a. a Golgi tendon organ

b. an oscillator

c. a muscle spindle

d. a vestibular organ

c. muscle spindle

Infants have several reflexes, such as the ____ and the ____, that are not seen in adults.

a. knee-jerk reflex; rooting reflex

b. Babinski reflex; knee-jerk reflex

c. rooting reflex; Babinski reflex

d. knee-jerk reflex; grasp reflex

c. rooting reflex; Babinski reflex

Which of the following behaviors would most likely result from activity of central pattern generators?

a. a dog shaking itself to dry off

b. catching a baseball

c. playing the piano

d. yawning

a. a dog shaking itself to dry off

Cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and ____ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex.

a. posterior parietal cortex

b. secondary motor cortex

c. somatosensory cortex

d. supplementary motor cortex

d. supplementary motor cortex

Children with ____ were found to have less activity in the brain areas believed to contain mirror

neurons.

a. MS

b. polio

c. autism

d. ADHD

c. autism

Most of the axons of the pyramidal tract go to which side of the body?

a. Contralateral

b. Ipsilateral

c. Bilateral

d. Ventrolateral

a. Contralateral

The finger-to-nose test is a common way of testing for possible damage to what structure?

a. Spinal cord

b. Basal ganglia

c. Medulla

d. Cerebellum

d. Cerebellum

Which widely branching cells are responsible for all of the output from the cerebellar cortex to the nuclei of the cerebellum?

a. parallel fibers

b. Purkinje cells

c. putamen cells

d. saccade cells

b. Purkinje cells

The immediate cause of Parkinson's disease is the:

a. net increase in the excitatory output from the globus pallidus.

b. gradual, progressive death of neurons in the substantia nigra.

c. immediate, mass death of neurons releasing acetylcholine.

d. accumulation of amyloid-beta in neurons.

b. gradual, progressive death of neurons in the substantia nigra.