Studied by 167 people
Bulk feeders
eating a large amount of food and digesting it slowly throughout the course of the day
What kind of feeders are humans?
bulk feeders
How do teeth depend on what kind of food the organism eats?
Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores have adapted teeth to what kind of food they eat
incomplete digestive system
contains a single opening
food and waste enter and exit the same opening
What is the single opening of the incomplete digestive system called?
gastrovascular cavity
complete digestive system
organism has two openings
food enters the mouth, and waste exits through the anus
What is the name that forms the complete digestive system?
Alimentary canal
monogastric digestive system
Having a single chambered stomach (humans)
Avian digestive system
having two stomachs (birds)
Proventriculus
avian digestive
contains digestive juices and enzymes
Gizzard
avian digestive system
grinds the hard things birds eat
Cloaca
Same hole in birds where feces and reproductive matter come out
Ruminant digestive system
animals like cows and goats have 4 stomachs
helps to process all the cellulose they digest
Rumen and reticulum
contains bacteria and protist to digest cellulose → thus forming "cud"
bacteria holds symbiotic relationship with organism
Omasum
cud is regurgitated, and re-eaten into this chamber
Abomasum
also known as the "true stomach"; enzymes are produced by ruminant digests the cud
What produces methane?
Bacteria
Is the human digestive system complete or incomplete?
Complete
Digestion is ...
Extracellular
What is the role of teeth?
mechanical digestion
Salivary glands
enzymatic (chemical) digestion
produces and secretes saliva which contains enzyme amylase which helps break down starches
provides moisture to food
Tongue
mixes food and forms it into a bolus to swallow easily
Pharynx
also known as the "true stomach"; enzymes are produced by ruminant digests the cud
Epiglottis
flap that covers the opening into trachea and keeps food from coming into the air passages
Esophagus
muscular tube that connects mouth to the stomach
takes food to the stomach through peristalsis
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscle to move food into further organs
The stomach contains deep folds that disappear as the stomach expands. What is it called?
Rugae
Epithelial linings has millions of ...
gastric pits
The stomach churns its contents and eventually produces what?
chyme
What creates a protective mucous layer in the stomach lining
epithelial cells
What bacterial infection is the cause of stomach ulcers
H. pylori
The small intestine has three main sections called....
the duodenum, jejunum, and ilium
Duodenum
where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct products enter the small intestine
Jejunum
where the majority of materials are digested and absorbed
Ilium
Reabsorption of the bile salt, waters, and additional vitamins
Exocrine gland
produces pancreatic digestive juices and digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Pancreatic amylase
digests starch into maltose
Trypsin (from trypsinogen)
digests protein into peptides
Lipase
digests fat droplets to glycerol and fatty acids
What does the epithelial cells in the pancreas also produce?
enzymes
Bile
produced in the liver, and stored in the gallbladder
What is the function of bile?
emulsifies fat and breaks compounds down
Gallstones
hardened deposits of bile in the gallbladder
Emulsification
the breaking down of a fat globule through bile salt
Cecum
has a small projection called the appendix (vestigial remnant)
Colon
consists of 4 subdivisions that make up most of the large intestine
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
What is the overall function of the large intestine?
Absorb water, salts, and some vitamins
Even though the large intestine is shorter than that small intestine in length it is still...
larger in diameter
Carbs are broken down into sugars by what?
Enzymes
Where is glucose absorbed?
small intestine
Vitamins
needed for metabolism and cannot be synthesized (excluding vitamin d)
Minerals
must be obtained from food
Note
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