Stereotyping & Prejudice II

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts regarding stereotyping, prejudice, the Implicit Association Test, sexism, and how biases affect both individuals and society.

What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?

The IAT measures reaction times to stereotypic and counterstereotypic pairings, revealing implicit biases.

How does the IAT account for distractions or mistakes during the test?

It divides reaction times by each participant’s standard deviation and assumes mistakes are equally likely on different trial types.

What is the relationship between implicit measures of prejudice and explicit measures?

Implicit measures often suggest greater bias than explicit measures.

What does the term 'ambivalent sexism' refer to?

Ambivalent sexism is a concept describing two types of sexism: benevolent (positive attitudes) and hostile (negative attitudes) towards women.

What impact does attributional ambiguity have on targets of bias?

Targets of bias may struggle to attribute negative treatment to bias versus other factors, affecting their self-esteem and acceptance.

What is stereotype threat?

Stereotype threat occurs when individuals are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group, impairing their performance.

What are some ways to prevent stereotype threat?

Avoid activating stigmatized identities before performance, provide reassurance, and allow for self-affirmation.

What is the Contact Hypothesis?

The Contact Hypothesis posits that increased interracial contact can reduce prejudice, particularly if the contact is positive.

Why is negative contact more impactful than positive contact?

Negative contact is more memorable due to negativity bias, making it more likely to be generalized to entire groups.

What short-term intervention showed promise in reducing implicit prejudice?

Reading or imagining a scenario where a White person is saved by a Black person.

What long-term interventions were effective in reducing implicit bias?

Taking a semester-long class on prejudice or having a college roommate of a different race.

What are two diversity ideologies regarding how to reduce racial inequality?

Colorblindness and multiculturalism.

What is colorblindness in the context of diversity ideologies?

The belief that ignoring racial/ethnic group differences will alleviate discrimination.

What is multiculturalism?

The belief that racial/ethnic group differences should be acknowledged, understood, and celebrated.

How does ambivalent sexism manifest in attitudes towards women?

Individuals may hold both benevolent attitudes (viewing women as morally superior) and hostile attitudes (disliking women in power).

What mental health impacts are associated with experiences of discrimination?

Experiencing discrimination is linked to poorer physical and mental health as well as unhealthy behaviors.

How can attributional ambiguity help self-esteem for targets of bias?

Attributing negative treatments to discrimination can help targets feel better about themselves despite facing rejection.

What are the cognitive resources affected by stereotype threat?

Stereotype threat depletes cognitive resources, such as working memory.

What are Dopvidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner’s findings on implicit prejudice?

Explicit prejudice predicted verbal behavior, while implicit prejudice predicted non-verbal behavior in interactions.

What is the significance of Glick and Fiske's research on sexism?

Their research highlights that sexism includes both benevolent and hostile dimensions, which can co-exist.