Chemistry 1: Matter, Atoms and Ions

Flashcards for Chemistry 1: Matter, Atoms, and Ions

Matter

Anything with mass and volume

Element

A substance containing only one type of atom.

Compound

A substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

Mixture

A substance made by mixing other substances together.

Group/Family

Elements in the same vertical column that have similar chemical properties.

Period

Horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Atomic Number

Organized by the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Alkali Metals

Very reactive metals, excluding hydrogen.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Somewhat reactive metals.

Halogens

Very reactive non-metals.

Noble Gases

Unreactive gaseous non-metals.

Transition Metals

Range of metals with variable properties.

Atom

Means 'indivisible' in Greek.

Proton (p+)

Subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a positive charge; its number defines the element.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Electron (e-)

Subatomic particle found in the clouds/shells surrounding the nucleus, with a negative charge.

Neutron (n0)

Subatomic particle found in the nucleus with no charge.

Atomic Mass

The number of protons and Neutrons.

Bohr Model

Shows the number of electrons in each energy level (shells) around the atom.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell.

Lewis Diagrams

Diagrams that show only the valence electrons.

Ion

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

Noble Gases

Atoms with a full valence shell.

Cations

Positive ions; have more protons than electrons because they've lost electrons; tend to be metals.

Anions

Negative ions; have more electrons than protons because they've gained electrons; tend to be non-metals.

Location

The location of an element on the periodic table.