Muscles of head and neck

origin- epicranial aponeurosis

insertion- skin of eyebrows and bridge of nose

function-raises eyebrows

Frontalis

origin- occipital bone and mastoid region of temporal bone

insertion- epicranial aponeurosis

function- moves scalp

occipitalis

origin- maxillary and frontal bone

insertion- skin around eye

function- blinking

orbicularis oculi

origin- muscles near mouth

insertion- lips

function- pursing lips

orbicularis Oris

origin- outer surfaces of maxilla and mandible

insertion- orbicularis Oris

function- compresses cheeks when blowing air

buccinator

origin- fascia in upper chest

insertion- lower border of mandible

function- expresses horror

platysma

origin- lateral surface of zygomatic bone

insertion- corners of mouth

function- smiling muscle

zygomaticus major/minor

origin- maxilla and nasal cartilage

insertion- dorsum of nose

function- compresses bridge and elevates corners of nostrils

nasalis

origin- lower border of zygomatic arch

insertion- lateral surface of mandible

function- elevates mandible and closes jaw

masseter

origin- temporal bone

insertion- coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible

function- elevates mandible

Temporalis

origin- sphenoid, palatine, maxillary bone

insertion- medial surface of mandible

function- elevates and moves mandible side to side

Medial pterygoid

origin- sphenoid bone

insertion- anterior surface of mandibular condyle

function- depresses, protracts mandible and moves it side to side

lateral pterygoid

origin- sphenoid around optic canal

insertion- inferior medial surface of eyeball

function- eyes looking inferiorly

Inferior rectus

origin- sphenoid around optic canal

insertion- medial surface of eyeball

function- eyes looking medially

medial rectus

origin- sphenoid around optic canal

insertion- superior surface of eyeball

function- eyes looking superiorly

superior rectus

origin- sphenoid around optic canal

insertion- lateral surface of eyeball

function- eyes looking laterally

lateral rectus

origin- maxilla at anterior portion of orbit

insertion- inferior lateral surface of eyeball

function- eye roll, looks superiorly and laterally

Inferior oblique

origin- sphenoid around optic canal

insertion- superior, lateral surface of eyeball

function- eye roll, looks inferiorly and laterally

superior oblique

origin- anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle

insertion- mastoid process of temporal bone

function- flex/contracts neck

sternocleidomastoid

origin- spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

insertion- occipital bone

function- rotates and bends head side to side

splenius capitis

• group of superior and deep back muscles

• contains spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

• powerful back extenders

erector spinae