American Civil War

For History Year 11

What were the main causes of the American Civil War?

The main causes included slavery, states' rights, economic differences, and political conflicts.

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Declared that all slaves in Confederate-held territory were to be set free.

What were the key battles of the American Civil War?

Key battles included the Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Vicksburg and Battle of Fort Sumter.

Who were the major leaders during the American Civil War?

Major leaders included Abraham Lincoln (Union), Jefferson Davis (Confederacy), Ulysses S. Grant (Union), and Robert E. Lee (Confederacy).

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

July 4, 1776

When was the US Constitution signed?

September 17, 1787

What was the abolitionist movement?

The abolitionist movement was a campaign that sought to end slavery.

What methods did abolitionists use to promote their cause?

Abolitionists used pamphlets, speeches, newspapers, and organized societies to spread their message and building support for ending slavery.

What legislative act advanced the abolitionist cause in 1865?

The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery throughout the United States.

What was the Kansas Civil War?

Where Kansas could decide whether they would allow slavery or not, due to the 36, 30 line.

What role did John Brown play in Kansas?

John Brown was an abolitionist who led violent raids against pro-slavery settlers in Kansas, believing armed resistance was necessary to end slavery. Significantly in Harper’s Ferry.

What was the significance of the events in Kansas for the Civil War?

The conflicts in Kansas demonstrated the extreme tensions over slavery, foreshadowing the larger national conflict that would erupt into the Civil War.

When did South Carolina seced?

December 20, 1860
Followed by 10 other states.

When were Southern States known as “Confederate States”?

8th Feb, 1860

Why did the Southern States leave the Union?

States' rights and the preservation of slavery, believing that their way of life was threatened by Northern policies.
Fearing Abraham Lincoln as president

When was the battle of Bull Run and how long did it last?

21st July 1861
2 hours

Why was the Battle of Bull Run significant?

Because it was the first modern war which meant mass casualties.
It showed that it would not be a short conflict.

What was the North’s objective?

Preserve the Union
Destroy Confederacy

Where was the Battle of Bull Run?

Manassas, Virgina

What was the North’s objective in Battle of Bull Run?

Gain railroads so they can surround the South

Who won Battle of Bull Run?

The Confederacy

When was the Battle of Antietam?

17th Sept 1862

Why was the Battle of Antietam significant?

Showed the brutality of war.
Deadliest day.
Turning point for the North.

Who won in the Battle of Antietam?

The Union

What happened after the Battle of Antietam?

Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A law that said all slaves were free from their owners.

What type of gun did the Union use?

Springfield rifle

What type of gun did the Confederate use?

Whitworth rifle

When was Battle of Vicksburg?

18th May 1862 - 4th July 1863

Who won Vicksburg?

Union

What was the North’s objective in Vicksburg?

Cut off the river to limit Confederate supplies.

Why did the Confederacy keep fighting?

Hoped someone else would be elected.

When was Battle of Gettysburg?

1-3 July 1863

Who won Battle of Gettysburg?

Union

What was the South’s objective in Gettysburg?

Invade the North to raise public opinion.

What was the North’s objective in Gettysburg?

Defend their territory.

What happened on each day in Gettysburg?

Day 1 - Confederacy won.

Day 2 - Union got high ground.

Day 3 - Picketts Charge failed leading to Union win.

What were the 4 reasons for the Union’s win?

1 - Manpower.

2 - Industrialisation.

3 - Leadership.

4 - Lincoln’s re-election.

What lead up to the Union’s victory?

Richmond, capital of Confederacy, being taken.

How long was the siege in Richmond?

292 days.

What day did Richmond get taken over?

2nd April 1865

When did Lee sign to Grant?

9th April 1865

What was Harper’s Ferry?

Attempt at overthrowing the government.

What are state rights?

Where states can make their own decisions on topics such as tariffs and slavery

What is the Nullification Crisis and when was it?

In 1832, where South Caroline threatened secession because they didn’t want tariffs and were rebellious.

What and when was the Fugitive Slave Act?

1854 where if a slave escaped, they would be sent back.

What is the 3/5 Compromise?

An agreement reached in 1787 where a slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of taxation and representation.

The South believed in the

Mudsill Theory

Identify

Dot point answers

Outline

Dot points with details

Describe

Full sentences

Explain (How or Why)

Cause and Effect

Assess

Make a judgement

To what extent

To which degree

Evalute

determine the value of

Social Differences

North had a growing middle class, many professions, education was valued, growing immigration population
South, ran on a caste system, was an agriculture economy, education only for wealthy and relied on slaves

Cultural differences

North was reliant on commerce and diverse population (7x more immigrants than south)
South had an Agrarian society —> plantations of cotton, tobacco, rice and sugar

Economic Differences

North had railroads and steamships for transport, favourited tariffs, and abolished slavery
South had a large cotton production (gin), reliant on slavery and opposed tariffs

Political differences

North supported federal government in maintaining the union, was republic and anti-slavery
South, advocated for state rights and independence, democratic, and pro-slavery

What are tariffs?

International Trade

When did the North abolish slavery?

1816

What is the Missouri Compromise and when was it?

1820, where to maintain balance, two states were added at a time and one was a slave state and the other was a free state.

Where was Abraham assassinated?

Ford’s Theater, Washington D.C

Who assassinated Abraham and why?

John Wilkes Booth - White Surpremist and Confed Empathiser

What was the aftermath of Abrahams death?

America lost a leader and it created challenges of reconstruction and racial struggles

When and what is the 13th Amendment?

1865 that abolished slavery in the US

When and what is the 14th Amendment?

1868 - Granted citzenship to African Americans

When and what is the 15th Amendment?

1870 - African Americans allowed to vote

When was the Plege of Allegiance made?

1892

When was the Reconstruction Era?

1863 - 1877

Who led the Reconstruction Era?

Andrew Johnson

What happened in the Reconstruction Era?

South in shambles, 4 million slaves went into society, south held onto caste system
Afri.Amer. faced Jim Crow Laws

When was Fort Sumter?

April 12-13, 1861

What happened in Fort Sumter?

South Carolina opened fire on the American Flag

When was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863

When did Fredrick Dougless escape and when?

Escaped Slave from Maryland in 1838

Who is Fredrick Dougless?

A social reformer, speaker and writer and Lincoln critic and supporter — recruiter for black regiments

What is ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ and when?

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about an escaped slave’s experience

What is the Liberator and when was it?

The Liberator was a weekly abolitionist newspaper published in Boston by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831