Exam three physiological psychology

Which system is most like the thermostat in a home, which switches on the heat or air conditioner when the temperature falls below or above a set point?

Homeostasis

Sharri is afraid of bees. Even if she doesn't see one, each time she hears a buzzing noise in her garden, she will still anticipate the danger and experience a set an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. In this way, her body has prepared for her dangerous, vigorous activity via a process called________.

Allostasis

Amphibians, reptiles, and most fish are_________.

Poikilothermic

Shavon is sitting in a cool classroom. To keep from feeling cold, she might shiver and experience changes in her heart rate and metabolism, as well as changes in the blood flow to her skin. This is controlled by her____________.

Raphe nucleus

Sid is slightly dehydrated. Until he is able to drink water, his body will release__________.

Vasopressin to concentrate urine

Which person is likely to develop osmotic thirst?

Sammy, Who is binging on his favorite show and eating really salty chips.

Which part of the brain detects osmotic pressure?

Subfornical organ

When blood volume drops, The kidneys release the enzyme________.

Renin

Which substance causes the kidneys, salivary glands, and sweat glands to retain salt?

Aldosterone

Anna has always heard that the turkey that is a traditional part of an American Thanksgiving is what causes so many people to doze off after their Thanksgiving feast. Why do so many people tend to fall asleep soon after Thanksgiving dinner?

They have over eaten

Which nerve conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls?

vagus nerve

Which substance signals the brain about fat reserves, providing a long-term indicator of over eating or under eating?

Leptin

Lloyd suffers from uncontrolled type one diabetes. He may lose weight because________.

Glucose can neither enter his cells to be used for energy nor be stored in his body as fat

Which substance, released from the stomach, triggers stomach contractions and acts on the hypothalamus to increase appetite?

Ghrelin

Lovella smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. She wants to quit, but she claims that she cannot stop eating whenever she tries to stop smoking. She might be right because it has been shown that her satiety cells in the arcuate nucleus are stimulated by which substance containing cigarettes?

Nicotine

A fever is best understood as_____.

Directed by the hypothalamus

Darryl has Prader-Willi Syndrome, a genetic syndrome associated with short stature, intellectual disability, and obesity. What substance is likely to be associated with Darryl's insatiable appetite and never-ending drive to eat?

Ghrelin

As a result of a genetic mutation, JC lacks functional receptors for a substance associated with appetite and has become very obese. This gene mutation likely affects the receptors for________.

Melanocortin

Noreen has tried to go on diets before. Although she does lose some weight, she is never able to maintain the weight loss and regains all the weight. For the weight loss to last, her doctors would suggest that she try__________.

Small, permanent changes to dietary habits

People with which disorder often have increased production of ghrelin while the disorder is active, but return to normal levels when their symptoms have decreased?

Bulimia

Lavonna is two months pregnant with normally developing fraternal twins, One male and one female. At this point in her pregnancy,__________.

Both infants have Wolffian ducts and Müllerian ducts

Sarina is pregnant with a boy. Which gene signals the boy's undeveloped fetal gonads to become tested?

SRY

I'm humans, the prominent estrogen is_______.

Estradiol

In humans, the sensitive period for determining whether a fetus will become male or female is during the ________ .

first trimester only

Which term describes hormonal effects that produce long-lasting structural changes?

organizing

Research on rodents has shown that_______.

Injecting a genetic male with estrogen produces little effect on his external anatomy

Jena is pregnant with a boy, and a recent urinalysis has shown she has high levels of phthalates. What is the most likely outcome?

He may be less likely to be interested in stereotypically masculine toys

People typically experience a state of relaxation shortly after orgasm as a result of the release of?

Oxytocin

Testosterone primes the medical preoptic area (MPOA) and several other brain areas to release a substance that facilitates erection of the penis in the male. What substances released?

Dopamine

Kari is pregnant and has had a lot of trouble with morning sickness and feeling nauseous. This is likely to be the result of high estradiol and progesterone levels increasing activity at the_________.

Serotonin 3 receptor

Renee does not take birth control pills. She is more likely to initiate sexual activity during which phase of her menstrual cycle?

Periovulatory

Dennis's partner has just given birth to a baby. Under what circumstance is Dennis likely to experience a drop in his testosterone levels following this event?

If he is close to his partner and contributes to care of the infant

In rodents, which substance secreted by the posterior pituitary gland is important for social behavior in many species, partly by facilitating olfactory recognition of other individuals?

vasopressin

In countries where women have good educational, economic, and employment opportunities, Women are more likely to choose a partner close to their own age and less likely to choose a partner based on wealth. This indicates the contribution of which type of component to mate choice in humans?

Learned

The differences that result from an individual's self identification as either male or female are properly known as______.

Gender differences

Individuals born with intermediate sexual development are considered to be______.

Intersex

What recommendations do experts currently make about rearing an intersex child?

Identify the child as a male or female based on the predominant external appearance

With respect to sexual orientation,_________.

Women are slower to discover their orientation than are men

Studies of genetics of sexual orientation have found that______.

It is unlikely that a gene on the X chromosome plays a major role in homosexuality

Studies of brain anatomy have shown that, on average, ________ .

lesbian women's brains are slightly shifted in the male direction in some ways but not others

Britta and Edgardo are hiking in the woods when they encounter a bear. Per the James Lange theory, what would Britta and Edgardo do LAST after seeing the bear?

Feel fear

People with damage to the right somatosensory cortex have_________.

Normal autonomic responses to emotional music and little subjective experience

Dr. Ducatman's lab is studying the neurophysiological basis of emotions using brain lesioning in rats. What area of the brain are they most likely to study?

Limbic system

The idea of having a limited number of emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise) is supported by the empirical finding that_____________.

Most people can identify the facial expressions associated with those emotions

Heidi is participating in a research study in which she looks at pictures of people and indicates whether she thinks each individual is friendly or unfriendly. If Heidi had activation in the frontal and temporal lobe of the right hemisphere, what sort of emotion is she likely experiencing?

Fear of the person

Abe Is participating in a study in which he is asked to think about a moral dilemma and decide what to do. While he is doing this, researchers are scanning his brain. If the scans show higher levels of activity in the prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, The researchers would expect Abe to base his choice on_________.

Emotion

What did Damasio find in his study of a man who had experienced prefrontal cortex damage and, as a result, expressed almost no emotions?

He made disastrous decisions

Studies of the relationship between testosterone and aggressive behavior suggest that___________.

Aggression is associated with the ratio of testosterone to cortisol

The relationship between serotonin and aggressive behavior may Best be summarized as follows:________.

Serotonin is A minor contributor to aggression

Studies of the impact of genes on aggression suggest that_________.

The effect of the MOAa gene depends on the environment in which the child is raised

What reflex is present in infants and is an example of a built in, unlearned fear?

The Moro reflex

Derrick has been diagnosed with Urbach-Wiethe disease. As a result, he__________.

Has difficulty identifying facial expressions associated with fear

Norris has been deployed overseas several times and has been on the front line of many battles. He has recently been diagnosed with PTSD. It is likely that he has___________.

A smaller-than-average hippocampus

Bentodiazepines exert their effect on anxiety by acting on which system?

GABA

Klaus has been having trouble controlling his anxiety. Instead of consulting with a doctor, he has been self-medicating. What substance is likely to help with his anxiety because it also binds to the GABAa receptors?

Alcohol

Selye defined stress as_________.

No specific bodily response

After Jo's father returned home from the hospital following a stroke, she began caring for him and for her mother, Who has terminal cancer. Jo has been providing care for her parents as well as her spouse and teenagers for several weeks and seems to be coping fairly well. She is a little bit irritable and has dropped her favorite leisure activities, but has not experienced any serious problems as a result of the stress of caregiving. What stage of the general adaptation syndrome is Jo most likely in?

Resistance

Prolonged stress may cause memory impairments by damaging the______.

Hippocampus

Research on how stress interacts with the immune system has found that________.

People with PTSD have elevated cytokine levels

Who is most likely to exhibit resilience?

Megan Who has a large, close family